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Pulmonary Anderson Flashcards

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1
Q

pneumothorax

A

loss of vacuum b/w pleura (visceral and parietal)…visceral adheres to lung and parietal to thoracic cage

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2
Q

bronchial artery

A

blood from aorta to lung tissues

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3
Q

bronchial vein

A

blood from lung tissues to azygos veins and some pulmonary veins

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4
Q

pulmonary artery

A

deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to alveoli

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5
Q

pulmonary vein

A

oxygenated blood from alveoli to left atrium

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6
Q

what CN parasympathetically constricts bronchioles

A

CN 10

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7
Q

what nerve has sensory of lung

A

CN 10

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8
Q

what dilates the lungs

A

sympathetic chain ganglia

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9
Q

anterior mediastinum contains

A

thymus

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10
Q

middle mediastinum contains

A

heart, pericardium

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11
Q

superior mediastinum contains

A

aortic arch, brachiocephalic veins

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12
Q

posterior mediastinum contains

A

esophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

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13
Q

how do sinuses drain

A

sphenoid to ethmoid to maxillary to nasal cavity…frontal drains to maxillary to nasal cavity

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14
Q

CN innervation of larynx for vocalization

A

CN 10

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15
Q

tidal volume

A

volume inspired or expired with each normal breath

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16
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume, used during exercise

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17
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

volume that can be expired after the expiration of a tidal volume

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18
Q

residual volume

A

volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration

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19
Q

anatomic dead space

A

volume of conducting airways, normally 150 ml

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20
Q

physiological dead space

A

functional measurement, defined as volume of the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange, approximately equal to anatomic dead space in normal lungs

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21
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

sum of tidal volume and IRV

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22
Q

functional residual capacity

A

sum of ERV and residual volume, volume remaining in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired, includes residual so it cannot be measured by spirometry

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23
Q

vital capacity

A

sum of the tidal volume plus IRV and ERV, volume that is expired after after a maximal inspiration

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24
Q

forced vital capacity

A

volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration

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25
total lung capacity
sum of all four lung volumes, volume in lungs after a maximal inspiration, includes residual vole so it cannot be measured by spirometry
26
forced expiratory volume
volume of air that can be expired in 1 second after a maximal inspiration...normally 80% of forced vital capacity
27
dorsal respiratory group of medulla
inspiration/rhythm...input from CN 9/10 and output via phrenic nerve to diaphragm
28
ventral respiratory group of medulla
expiration...only operates during active respiration
29
apneustic center/lower pons
stimulates inspiration (gasp/apneusis)
30
pneumotaxic center/upper pons
inhibits inspiration (regulates rte and volume)
31
what does the cortex do in teams of breathing
hypoventilation/hyperventilation
32
infectious rhinitis
common cold viruses
33
allergic rhinitis
hay fever, IgE mediated
34
chronic rhinitis
superimposed bacterial infection on other two
35
acute sinusitis
usually preceded by rhinitis, usually mixed normal flora, can spread into orbit or penetrate bone --> osteomyelitis
36
laryngitis
may be associated with smoking > carcinoma
37
epiglottitis
H Flu or Beta hemolytic strep, children, drooling often, Thumbprint sign on X ray
38
laryngeal cancer
tobacco smoke, 30-50% have mets at dx
39
polyps
reactive nodes that rarely become cancerous, vocal cords of heavy smokers or singers
40
leaukoplakia of larynx
any hyperkeratotic lesion, mb benign or malignant, strongly correlated with tobacco and alcohol
41
pulmonary edema
LCHF, etc.
42
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome/Shock Lung
injury to Type 1 pneumocytes and capillary endothelial cells in lung, leads to pulmonary edema/fibrosis/infections
43
pulmonary embolism and infarction
LCHF, etc.
44
Atelectasis
collapse or incomplete expansion of acini
45
disease with increased compliance of lungs
emphysema
46
the common consequence of interstitial/restrictive lung disease is
wide spread lung fibrosis producing lung elastic recoil and decreased lung compliance
47
emphysema
permanent dilation of part of all of the acinus with eventual destruction of alveolar walls, cigarette smoking or deficiency of serum alpha 1 protease inhibitor in non-smokers, pursed lips, pink puffers because they have normal pCO2
48
chronic bronchitis
blue bloaters because they have increased pCO2, persistent cough w/ sputum for at least 3 months in two consecutive years, dont retain hypercapnic drive to breath
49
lobar pneumonia
strep pneumonia, gram positive diplococcus, rusty brown sputum... klebsiella p, gram negative rod in alcoholics
50
lobar pneumonia w/ red hepatization
damaged vessels/rusty sputum
51
lobar pneumonia w/ gray hepatization
fibrin, no rbcs
52
broncho pneumonia/lobular
patchy opportunistic infection, aspiration pneumonia usually on right upper lobe
53
primary atypical pneumonia
interstitial pneumonitis dt small organism, virus, mycoplasma
54
TB
mycobacterium TB, delayed hypersensitivty type IV, caseating granulomas, acid fact bacili
55
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of bronchi from contraction of scar with secondary infection, usually lower portion of lung, foul smelling copious sputum usually in am
56
asthma
small bronchi abnormally responsive to stimuli causing constriction and inflammation, type 1 hypersensitivity from IgE
57
pneumoconiosis
dust inhalation, upper lobes, silicosis, asbestosis, coal miner's lung
58
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
farmer's lung, pigeon breeders lung, interstitial pneumonia and fibrosis, non-caseating granulomas
59
Goodpasture's syndrome
antibodies against basement membrane of lung and kidneys, type II immune injury
60
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant, in bronchi or near hilum, produce parathyroid like hormone and elevate serum calcium
61
large cell undifferentiated carcinoma
anywhere in lung, die quickly
62
small/oat cell undifferentiated carcinoma
early mets, secrete many homrones, pancoast tumor, rapid death

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