Pulmonary II: Physiology Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

_____ chemoreceptors exert the dominant effect on respiration

A

Carotid

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2
Q

______ chemocrecptors require a longer time for a response to develop

A

Central

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3
Q

Anion Gap =

A

[Na] - ([Cl] + [HCO3])

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4
Q

Aortic chemocreceptor respond to changes in _____

A

pO2 and pCO2

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5
Q

Blood pH =

A

6.1 + log([Bicarbonate]/(0.03*PCO2))

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6
Q

Carotid chemoreceptors respond to changes in ____.

A

pO2, pCO2, pH

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7
Q

Causes of anion gap metabolic acidosis (8)

A

Methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, isoniazid, lactate, ethylene glycol, salicylates

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8
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis (3)

A

Antacid/NaHCO3 ingestion, vomiting, contraction alkalosis (hypovolemia)

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9
Q

Causes of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (3)

A

Renal losses, GI losses, excessive saline administration

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10
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis (4)

A

Chronic obstructive diseases, neuromuscular diseases, Central hypoventilation disorders, acute respiratory failure

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11
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis (3)

A

Chronic alveolar hyperventilation, Acute alveolar hyperventilation, chronic salicylate toxicity

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12
Q

Central chemoreceptors bind to ____ in the brain

A

protons

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13
Q

Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in ____

A

pCO2

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14
Q

Compensation for metabolic acidosis

A

Increased ventilation

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15
Q

Compensation for metabolic alkalosis

A

Small decreases in ventilation

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16
Q

Compensation of respiratory acidosis

A

Renal conservation of bicarbonate and excretion of ammonium

17
Q

Compensation of respiratory alkalosis

A

Renal excretion of bicarbonate

18
Q

For acute respiratory disturbances, acute change in PaCO2 of _____ causes a pH change of _____

19
Q

For chronic respiratory disturbances, a change in PaCO2 of ___ Torr should lead to compensatory change in [HCO3-] of ___ mEq/L in the same direction

20
Q

In metabolic acidosis compensation Expected pCO2 =

A

1.5[HCO3] + 8 +/- 2

21
Q

Main respiratory center

22
Q

Normal [HCO3]

A

24 mM (Sea Level); 22 mM (Denver)

23
Q

Normal Anion Gap =

24
Q

Normal PCO2

A

40 mmHg (Sea Level); 36 mmHg (Denver)

25
Normal pH
7.4
26
Sole detector of pH in the body
Carotid chemoreceptors
27
Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Bronchitis
Central CO2 receptors
28
Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Climbing a flight of stairs
Peripheral CO2 receptors
29
Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Climbing a mountain
Peripheral O2 receptors
30
Which chemoreceptors are most important for the given situation? Ketoacidosis
Peripheral proton receptors