Pulmonary lecture 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
On a spirometry, when the inspiratory loop is flattened, what does that indicate
Upper airway obstruction, may hear stridor
T/F: pulmonary fibrosis is an obstructive disorder?
F- it is a restrictive disorder
Some common causes of chronic cough include all the following except:
Post-nasal drip
Bronchitis
GERD
Asthma
Bronchitis
Which test is definitive for pulmonary hypertension?
EKG
Echo
CT angiogram
Doppler of LE
Echo
PaO2 value that ensures the hemogrobin is 90% saturated with oxygen isÖ.
Partial pressure of 60%
A patient with an O2 sat. of 82% on room air, with paradoxical breathing, tachypnea, and sweating is put on 100% O2. Her sat stays at 82%. This could be caused by:
Hypoxia
Ventilation perfusion mismatch
Shunt
Shunt
Which of the following is not true of Group A strep?
Diagnosed by positive RADT test, nasopharyngeal swab
Sudden onset of sore throat
Lack of treatment can cause rheumatic fever
Treated with penicillin
Diagnosed by positive RADT test, nasopharyngeal swab
T/F: Antivirals for influenza must be started within 48 hours of symptoms?
TRUE
For the most part, treatment of all of the following are symptomatic treatments except:
Acute bronchitis
Influenza
Strep throat
Rhinosinusitis
Strep throat
How many alveoli does the average person have?
300million
At approximately which intercostal space will you find the carina?
2nd ICS
What is the difference between bronchial and pulmonary circulation?
Bronchiole circulation is for gas exchange, pulmonary circulation is the blood supply for the lungs (analogous to coronary arteries of the heart).
What is the difference between peripheral and central cyanosis and where might you see symptoms of each?
Peripheral: decreased blood flow to extremities, cardiac insufficiency, obstruction of blood flow and cold temperatures can cause this. Will see signs in extremities such as reduced capillary refill, pallor, cold. Seen earlier than central.
You need to intubate a patient in the ER who has a Mallampati score of III. Which answer best describes this patient airway?
It is fully patent with the hard and soft pallates, uvula and pillars visible.
The hard and soft palate are visible, but only part of the uvula, pillars and airway are visible.
Only the hard and soft palates are visible with a small amount of airway visible
The hard palate is visible and none of the airway is seen on examination.
Only the hard and soft palates are visible with a small amount of airway visible
Your patient has emphysema. On percussion of their lungs, what do you expect to hear?
Dullness
Resonance
Hyperresonance
Hyperresonance
Your patient has consolidation pneumonia. Name some findings that you might find upon examining their lungs?
Dull to percussion, increased tactile fremitus, bronchial breath sounds, bronchophony, whispered pectrolilquy, egophany and crackles.
Your patient has a pneumothorax, name some findings that you would expect to find upon physical examination?
Hyperresonant to percussion, decreased breath sounds, decreased fremitus, decreased voice transmission.
A patient comes into the ER with a paradoxical pulse. What life threatening condition(s) could this finding be associated with?
Respiratory failure and cardiac tamponade.
What are the 5 basic causes of hypoxia?
Altitude, alveolar hypoventilation, decreased diffusion, V/Q mismatch, anatomic shunt.
What are the two immediate responses that the body has to being at high altitude?
Hyperventilation and tachycardia
What is a shunt and what is the most significant finding that will indicate that your patient has a shunt?
Arterial PO2 is lower than alveolar PO2 so the blood cannot be oxygenated. The patientís O2 sat will not increase when they are reveiving 100% O2.
Which diseases can cause a V/Q mismatch?
COPD, asthma, pneumonia, PE
What is restrictive lung disease and what are some possible causes of restrictive lung disease? What is the key finding that is indicative of restrictive lung disease?
Difficulty completely inspiring. Can be caused by morbid obesity, scoliosis, fibrosis, resection, spinal injury or neuromuscular disease (ALS, guillan barre). Decreased TLC is key finding!!
What are some causes of acute dyspnea?
Acute MI, CHR, cardiac tamponade, bronchospasm, PE, pneumothorax, pulmonary infection, upper airway obstruction.
