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ABE Oral Board Review > Pulpal and Periapical Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Pulpal and Periapical Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Results from interactions between ectodermal cells from the first branchial arch and neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells.

A

Odontogenesis (Thesleff)

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2
Q

Dental pulp arises from

A

The dental papilla. Mesenchymal tissue trapped between the inner and outer enamel epithelium (Thesleff).

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3
Q

Vascularization of the pulp precedes

A

innervation (sensory before sympathetic)

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4
Q

Ectodermal tissues

A

Enamel
HERS

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5
Q

Mesenchymal tissues

A

Dentin
Cementum
Pulp
PDL

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6
Q

Dentin composition

A

50% mineral
30% type I collagen
20% water
Kinney et al

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7
Q

Number and diameter of tubules ______ towards the pulp

A

increases

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8
Q

Odontoblastic processes extend into dentinal tubules _____mm

A

0.5
Brannstrom

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9
Q

3 types of dentin

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary
Kuttler

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10
Q

Primary dentin

A

secreted prior to eruption

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11
Q

Secondary dentin forms in response to _____

A

slightly aggressive effects of normal biologic function

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12
Q

Tertiary dentin forms in response to _____

A

more intense pulpal irritants

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13
Q

Reactionary vs reparative dentin

A

Reactionary – from existing odontoblasts
Reparative – from odontoblast-like cells
Mjor

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14
Q

Average of _____um of reparative dentin is formed per day

A

1.49
Reeves and Stanley

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15
Q

Pulp components

A

odontoblasts
fibroblasts
vascular structures
immune cells
nerves
extracellular connective tissue

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16
Q

pulpal collagen type

A

I, III (43%), and V

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17
Q

Predominant GAG in pulp

A

Dermatan sulfate
Linde

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18
Q

myelinated nerve fibers

A

A delta fibers - dentinal stimuli

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19
Q

unmyelinated nerve fibers

A

C fibers - pulpal irritants, release neuropeptides

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20
Q

87% of axons entering the pulp are

A

C fibers

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21
Q

short bursts of sensation

A

A delta

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22
Q

lingering pulpal pain

A

C fibers

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23
Q

Possess toll-like receptor 4 for LPS (respond directly to bacterial byproducts

A

C fibers

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24
Q

__________ adrenergic plexus present within pulp

A

Sympathetic
Pohto and Antila

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25
Most sympathetics within the
pulp horns Avery
26
_________ (cholinergic) fibers are also present with in the pulp
Parasympathetic Inoue
27
hydrodynamic theory of dental pain by
Brannstrom
28
hydrodynamic theory states
fluid flow within the tubules activates nerve fibers
29
Direct conduction
free nerve endings within the tubules Frank
30
Transduction
gap junctions between odontoblasts within the tubules and nerve fibers Avery
31
B agonist on the pulp causes
Decreased blood flow, arteriol dilation compresses the venules (low compliance environment) Kim
32
Unique pulpal vascular structures
Arteriovenous shunts - Kramer U-turn loops - Takahashi cross-fence capillaries - Takahashi venous-venous anastamoses - Takahashi
33
Location of majority of lymphatics
Cell-free zone beneath the odontoblastic layer Matsumoto
34
Pulp progresses from highly cellular and vascular to _______ with aging
Fibrotic Bernick and Nedelman
35
Which apical foramen diameter changes with aging
The major apical foramen (increases) The minor apical foramen remains constant
36
Root shape predicts ______
The number, location, and morphology of the canals Bjorndal
37
Most famous canal configuration classification system
Vertucci
38
Cementodentinal junction (CDJ)
minor apical foramen
39
92.4% of major apical foramina open
short of the anatomical apex Burch and Hulen
40
Average distance from the major apical foramen to the anatomical apex
0.59mm - Burch and Hulen 0.9mm - El Ayouti (CBCT)
41
Extends from the main canal to the PDL in the root body
Lateral Canal - De Deus
42
Extends from the main canal to the PDL in the apical region
Secondary Canal - De Deus
43
Derived from a seconday canal, extends toward the PDL in the apical region
Accessory Canal - De Deus
44
Most common location for lateral anatomy
Apical third De Deus and Vertucci
45
Anatomical variants
Dens invaginatus Dens evaginatus C-shaped canal system
46
Infolding of enamel and dentin into the root canal space
Dens invaginatus
47
Dens invaginatus location and incidence
0.4% - 10% incidence (Hovland and Block) 42% lateral incisors (Rotstein)
48
Dens invaginatus type III
Extends to the apex and may have its own apical foramen Oehlers
49
Out-pouching of enamel and dentin onto the occlusal or lingual surface.
Dens evaginatus
50
Dens evaginatus most commonly found associated with
premolars
51
_____% of DE contain pulp horns and fracture can lead to pulpal involvement
70% Oehlers
52
Large, interconnected pulp tissues spaces usually found within fused roots
C-shaped canals
53
_____% of mandibular seconds molars are C-shaped
8% Cooke and Cox
54
Caution when treating C-shaped canals due to
Thin canal walls Gu et al
55
Min et al C-shaped types
Continuous C-shaped orifice C-shaped mesial orifice, separate distal C-shaped MB-D orifice, separate ML
56
Arterial supply to the dentition
aorta brachicephallic (right side only) common carotid external carotid maxillary artery PSA, Infraorbital, inferior alveolar
57
Lymph nodes that may become involved in dental infections
submandibular submental superior deep cervical inferior deep cervical
58
Sensation to the dentition and motor function to the muscles of mastication arise from the _______
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
59
Sensation to maxillary teeth
V2 (maxillary nerve)
60
Sensation to mandibular teeth
V3 (mandibular nerve)
61
V2 exits through
Foramen rotundum
62
V3 exits through
Foramen ovale
63
Primary afferent (A delta and C) cell bodies are located in the
trigeminal ganglion
64
Primary afferent fibers synapse at the
subnucleus caudalis in the medullary dorsal horn
65
Second order neurons decussate and project to the thalamus via the
trigeminothalamic tract
66
Third order neurons travel to the cerebral cortex via the
thalamocortical tract
67
Anatomical landmarks to consider during surgery
Maxillary sinus Mental foramen IAN
68
Mx premolars or molars closer to Mx sinus
Molars (2nd molar closest) Eberhardt
69
IAN is closest to
Mn second molar Kovisto
70
Mental foramen is most often located
Between Mn premolar roots Moiseiwitsch

ABE Oral Board Review (12 decks)

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