Purpose of language features and theory

Question 1

Active voice

Answer 1

• Helps nsure clarity by making it clear to the reader who is taking action in the sentence.
• Stresses that the subject precedes the verb, putting emphasis on the subject.
• Uses fewer words, making the writing more concise and efficient
• Creates a faster-moving narrative, which makes for easier writing and more engaging reading

Question 2

Adjecency pairs

Answer 2

• Convey politeness and a willingness from one speaker to acknowledge the feelings of the second speaker

Question 3

Adjective

Answer 3

• Provides more detail about a noun

- Nouns become more specific and interesting.

Question 4

Adverbs

Answer 4

• They help describe how things appear and how things happen.
• They help a reader see an action in their mind’s eye.

Question 5

Alliteration

Answer 5

• Means to get the attention of readers or listeners.
• Clear way to signify that the alliterative words are linked together thematically
• Emphasize something important that a writer or speaker would like to express.
• Persuades people by add rhythm and emphasis, which helps to make the context more memorable.
• Can be used to inject mood or emotion into a piece of writing.

Question 6

Anaphoric reference

Answer 6

• Creates links through the text by making readers (or listeners) figure out which pronoun refers to what, thus creating cohesion-
• Economises word usage and adds fluency

Question 7

Assonance

Answer 7

• Accelerate the musical effect, creating a mood as well as a flow that allows the readers to connect with the subject matter.

Question 8

Listing (syndetic/asyndetic)

Answer 8

• Add emphasis to a point
• Show author is knowledgeable
• Offer a variety of ideas in the hope that the reader will be familiar with one or several of them.
• Create a vivid image in the reader’s mind.
• Overwhelm a reader with the many arguments on the side of the writer- emphasise a point

Question 9

Cataphoric reference

Answer 9

• Because of the prevalence of this in spontaneous interactions, can create an informal register
• Can build up a sense of anticipation if the pronoun is used copiously before the referent

Question 10

Cliches

Answer 10

• Express ideas and thoughts that are widespread and common within a culture.
• We tend to dislike clichés because we place a high value on creativity, originality, and cleverness, rather than on repetition and using other people’s words.

Question 11

Clipping

Answer 11

• Regarded as more colloquial and informal.

- Everyday usage

Question 12

Connotations

Answer 12

• Create emotional associations that can be either positive, negative, or neutral
• Words with strongly positive connotations often persuade readers to see your ideas in a favorable way. - Words with strongly positive connotations often persuade readers to see your ideas in a favorable way.

Question 13

Contractions

Answer 13

• Make writing seem friendly and accessible.
• Give the appearance that you are actually “talking” to your reader.
• Conversational approach

Question 14

Declaratives

Answer 14

• Avoid any special emotional impact

Question 15

Sentence structure: Short vs long and complex sentences

Answer 15

• Short, simple sentences or truncated sentences can create tension, haste or urgency
• Longer compound or complex sentences are slower, and often feature in formal texts.

Question 16

Euphemism

Answer 16

• Provides a mask to the impolite or rude expression

- Conveys the same meaning to the readers by reducing its harshness.

Question 17

Exclamatory sentence

Answer 17

• Expresses strong feelings and emotions

Question 18

Fillers

Answer 18

• Allow you to take a second and think about what you’re going to say next.
• Let others know that you’re not quite finished speaking yet, even if you’ve paused for a moment.

Question 19

Graphology

Answer 19

• Images:
  
  • Our brain can interpret images much quicker than text which is why images can communicate info instantly.
    - Give depth and context to a description or story and provide a much more immersive experience than writing alone.
• Layout:
  
  • Present information in a logical, coherent way
  • Make the important elements stand out
  • Info can be easier to understand

Colours:

 - Inspire a feeling or set the tone for a piece of writing. 
 - Can use individual colours or a colour scheme to capture the essence of your story without words
 - Some people make automatic connections ex:  automatic connections—red as blood, white as snow

• Headings and subheadings:
  
  • Show key concepts and supporting ideas in the paper.
  • Visually convey levels of importance
  • Tell the reader what to expect

Question 20

Idioms

Answer 20

• Add dynamism and character to otherwise stale writing.

- Express Complex Ideas in a Simple Way

Question 21

Imperatives

Answer 21

• Don’t leave room for questions or discussion, even if the sentence has a polite tone
• Imperative mood is used to demand or require that an action be performed

Question 22

Irony

Answer 22

• Make their audience stop and think about what has just been said, or to emphasize a central idea.

Question 23

Jargon

Answer 23

• Enhance communication by simplifying a particular concept.
• Works when everyone involved in the conversation is aware of the word’s meaning.
• To someone who isn’t clued in, however, it can be seen as technical snobbery.

Question 24

Metaphor

Answer 24

• Allows writers to convey vivid imagery easier to understand and respond to than literal language.
• Writer is more able to convey emotions and impressions through metaphor.
• Greater impact on audience- more visual

Question 25

Metonymy

Answer 25

• Allows the reader a more profound way of considering the meaning of an image or concept that the writer is trying to convey.

Question 26

Vague language

Answer 26

• Statements that are unassertive or sound imprecise.

Question 27

Onomatopoeia

Answer 27

• Allowing the reader to hear and remember your writing

- Humour

Question 28

Oxymoron

Answer 28

• Add dramatic effect by the juxtaposition of words with opposite meanings
• Emphasise conflict
• Cause a reader to pause and think about what the writer is trying to convey.

Question 29

Paradox

Answer 29

• Engages readers

- Allows readers to understand concepts in a different and even non-traditional way.

Question 30

Interjection

Answer 30

• Express a strong sense of emotion or feeling

Question 31

Passive voice

Answer 31

• Focus attention on the person or thing affected by the action.

Question 32

Simile

Answer 32

• Help describe one thing by comparing it to another thing that is perhaps seemingly unrelated.
• Can create a vivid image in the reader’s mind, helping to engage and absorb them.

Question 33

Slang

Answer 33

• Often serves social purposes: identify members of a group, to change the level of discourse in the direction of informality, to oppose established authority.

Question 34

Superlatives

Answer 34

• Indicate an extreme level of emotion, association, or hatred for something

Question 35

Tag question

Answer 35

• Ask for confirmation from the listener that the statement is correct

Question 36

Back-channel

Answer 36

• Show interest, attention and/or a willingness to keep listening

Question 37

Hedges

Answer 37

• Protect your claims from being easily dismissed.

- Helps to indicate the level of certainty we have in relation to the evidence or support.