Q 1: chapter 4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Q 1: chapter 4 Deck (28)
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1
Q

toxikon

A

poison arrow- from hercules

2
Q

who used poison arrown

A

maisai of kenya for antelop, amazon jungle for sloths ,monkey

3
Q

where is the best system to shoot the arrow at

A

target heart or nervous system

4
Q

who uses poison dart frog

A

rainforest tribal ppl in columbia

5
Q

what is bartrachotoxin

A

secretion of frogs

6
Q

what does bathrachotoxin do

A

acts by holding voltage-gated sodium channels open in nerves and muscles, causing convulsions, paralysis, and heart or respiratory failure.

7
Q

who uses curare

A

south americasn tribal ppl- down to the amazon

8
Q

what is D-Tubocurarine, whrer does it come from

A

extracted from Strychos toxifera (or Chondrodendron sp.)- type of plant

9
Q

wht does D-Tubocurarine do aka Curare

A

acts by blocking acetylcholine neurotransmitter receptors at neuromuscular junctions, causing paralysis and respiratory failure. -prevents na from going in-

10
Q

how many types of frogs are used for darting a la poison

A

3; one is golden poison dart frog(can kill 2 elephants),

11
Q

how are the frogs poisonous

A

from their diet

12
Q

in modern times what is curare used for

A

in surgeries to calm down a muscle- to not put the patient too much to sleep

13
Q

what does strycnine do

A

Strychnine extracted from Strychnos nux-vomica acts by blocking the inhibitory action of the neurotransmitter glycine at interneurons in the spinal cord, causing hypersensitivity, convulsions and respiratory failure

14
Q

what does strychnine do to the interneuron

A

removes the calming effect of glycine

15
Q

how is strychnine used today

A

to killed gophers, squirrels, coyotes- killed vertebrates

16
Q

what is the number 1 used chemicals used for malicious poisoning of dogs

A

strychnine

17
Q

what chemical was used in world war 1

A
Chlorine then
Phosgene then
Mustard gas
100,000 dead
1.2 million casualties
18
Q

what does mustard gas do

A

Mustard gas was delivered in artillery shells, causing about 80% of the chemical casualties in WWI. It is an oily liquid that acts as a severe irritant, causing blistering, ulceration and tissue death of exposed skin, eyes and respiratory tract.- survivors developped cancer later own

19
Q

what did the nazis use in the showers

A

use carbon

monoxide and especially Zyklon B (hydrogen cyanide) in the gas chambers of the death camps.

20
Q

what are anti- cholinesterase

A

tabun and sarin hitler didnt use it- was a pestiside first

21
Q

what happened in the tokyo subway

A

released serin gas- only 12 death out of 5000 exposed

22
Q

where else was chemical warfare used- or still are

A

middle east, iraq, iran, ISIS

23
Q

The Royal Toxicologist?

A

Mithridates VI
Used himself as well as others including prisoners as guinea pigs. Messed up childhood because his mom tried to poison him, was successful on his dad. He came up with a concoction of low doses of common poisons to protect from poisons.

24
Q

Longest proscribed prescription?

A

poison concoction

25
Q

Death of Socrates?

A

Sentenced to suicide using Poison Hemlock. Dies from respiratory paralysis.

Water Hemlock in Saskatoon much more severe.

26
Q

Claudius of Rome?

A

Agrippina his fourth wife wanted her son Nero to be emperor so she hired a professional poisoner.

Locusta killed him.

27
Q

What did locusta use to kill Claudius?

A

Amanita Phalloides(mushroom).

Contains amanitin, which acts to inhibit protein production by blocking mRNA (gene transcription), causing liver and kidney failure.

28
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte?

A

Exiled to St. Helena in 1815, many people wanted him gone forever.
His health declined slowly until he finally died in 1821.
Symptoms (hair loss, neurological signs, photophobia) were consistent with chronic arsenic poisoning (one of the very most common poisons of all time).
Hair samples (?) analyzed recently contained high levels
What was the source?
Possibly accidental – copper arsenate dye (Schweinfurter green) in wallpaper, attacked by molds, produced trimethylarsine gas – associated with arsenic poisonings