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MQW U3 > Q-based > Flashcards

Q-based Flashcards

1
Q

Where is DA made?

A
  • Ventral Tegmental Area

- Substantia Nigra

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2
Q

What things are caused by VTA destruction:

  • Hypervigilance
  • Depression
  • Mania
  • ADHD
  • Anxiety
  • Parkinsonian movements
  • Psychosis
A

Low DA –>

  • Depression
  • ADHD
  • Parkinsonian movements
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3
Q

What things are caused by DA excess:

  • Hypervigilance
  • Depression
  • Mania
  • ADHD
  • Anxiety
  • Parkinsonian movements
  • Psychosis
A
  • Hypervigilance
  • Mania
  • Anxiety
  • Psychosis
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4
Q

How and on what does Reserpine work?

A
  • Inhibits VMAT transport

- Sequesters NE

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5
Q

What things caused by low NE:

  • Insomnia
  • Depression
  • ADHD
  • Anxiety
  • Fatigue
  • Agitation
  • Mania
A
  • Depression
  • ADHD
  • Fatigue
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6
Q

What things caused by high NE:

  • Insomnia
  • Depression
  • ADHD
  • Anxiety
  • Fatigue
  • Agitation
  • Mania
A
  • Mania
  • Agitation
  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
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7
Q

What’s the only drug approved to treat Huntington’s Chorea?

A

Tetrabenazine

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8
Q

What is Baclofen used for?

A

Treat spasticity associated w/ ALS

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9
Q

What is the only drug that can improve QOL and lifespan of ALS patients?

A

Riluzole

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10
Q

What class of drug is Buproprion?

A

NDRI Antidepressant

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11
Q

In a COPD patient w/ Glaucoma, what are 1st line drugs?

What class?

A

COPD = no Beta Blockers

Latanoprast, Travoprost, Bimatoprost, Unoprostone isopryl

Prostaglandin analogs

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12
Q

Blocking what receptor stops Psychosis?

A

D2

Mechanism of antipsychotics

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13
Q

What class of drug is Tropicamide?

A

Parasympathetic antagonist

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14
Q

What eye muscle is affected in Horner’s Sydrome?

A

Superior palpebral muscle of Muller

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15
Q

What class of drug is Pilocarpine?

A

Muscarinic agonist

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16
Q

What is the use and mechanism of Beta Blockers in Opthalmology?
What drugs?

A

For Glaucoma
decrease aqueous humor production at ciliary epithelium

Timolol, Betaxolol

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17
Q

Prostaglandin analog mechanism for treating Glaucoma

A

Increase uveoscleral outflow

little side effect!

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18
Q

How do you separate 1st, 2nd, or 3rd order Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Paredine (hydroxyamphetamine) –> NE release

No pupil response –> 3rd order lesion (benign)

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19
Q

Which is left and right?

OD, OS

A

Left: OS
Right: OD

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20
Q

What is the most common type of primary headache?

A

Tension-type

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21
Q

Definition of a migraine aura:

A

Focal neurological deficit for >4min but

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22
Q

What drug combo can cause Serotonin Syndrome?

A

MAOI + SSRI

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23
Q

Mechanism of action for local anesthetics:

A

Na+ channel block

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24
Q

Haloperidol is a ___ antipsychotic that is most likely to cause ___ and ___ side effects

A

Typical

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) 
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)
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25
Q

What drug interactions can cause a Hypertensive Crisis?

A

MAOI + Releasers(Tyramine)/TCAs/a1 agonists/Levodopa

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26
Q

What are the 3 structural parts of a local anesthetic:

A
  1. Aromatic ring
  2. Intermediate linkage
  3. Terminal amine
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27
Q

What are the hallmark side effects of Na+ Channel Blockers?

A

Dizzy, Drunk, Double vision

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28
Q

Why can’t you give a pregnant woman with epilepsy Valproic Acid?

A

-Teratogenic 4-8%

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29
Q

Match the neurotransmitters with related genes in terms of ADHD:

  • Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin
  • DRD4/DRD5/COMT/5HTPPLR/DAT
A
  • DA—DRD4, DRD5, COMT
  • NE—COMT
  • Serotonin—5HTPPLR
30
Q

Autoinduction and heteroinduction is associated with what Anti-epileptic drug?

A

Carbamazepine

-Na+ channel blocker

31
Q

How can serotonin abnormality cause Anxiety and Depression?

A

Low serotonin circuit activity –> hyperfunctioning limbic pathway

32
Q

Patient is sad, weepy, suicida, worried, and ruminating. What gene is most likely mutated?
A. DAT
B. Tyrosine hydroxylase
C. 5HTPLLR

A

C. 5HTPLLR

Serotonin associated with high negative affect

33
Q

What are the Cluster A personality disorders?

A

Psychotic-like:

  • Paranoid
  • Schizoid
  • Schizotypal
34
Q

What are the Cluster B personality disorders?

A

Dreaded, behavioral :

  • Antisocial
  • Histrionic
  • Narcissistic
  • Borderline
35
Q

What are the Cluster C personality disorders?

A

Anxious:

  • Avoidant
  • Dependent
  • Obsessive-compusltive
36
Q

Difference between homeopathy and naturopathy

A

Homeopathy: stimulate body’s self-healing response

Naturopathy: noninvasive treatments

37
Q

What are 3 CAM treatment that have effectiveness treating depression?

A

L-methylfolate
S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe)
St. John’s Wort

38
Q

What is the rate of placebo effect in EVERYTHING done in psychiatry?

A

40%

39
Q

What CAM treatment has very good evidence in treating seasonal depression?`

A

Light therapy

40
Q

What’s the difference between Schizoid and Schizotypal PD?

A

Schizoid: trouble relating, have no interest in interactions

Schizotypal: oddities in behavior and thoughts

41
Q

What is an age related requirement for Antisocial PD?

A

Evidence of a Conduct Disorder with onset before age 15

That leads to pervasive pattern of disregard for or violation of rights of others after age 15

42
Q

What characterizes Borderline PD?

A

Pervasive Instability: of relationships, self-image, behaviors, and affects

5+/9 Symptoms needed

43
Q

Which PD are more prevalent in women?

In men?

A

Women: paranoid, avoidant, dependent

Men: antisocial

44
Q

Psychopharmacolgy can treat what PDs?

A

Cluster B: Antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, borderline

Avoidant (Cluster C)

45
Q

Psychotherapy works for which one Cluster B PD?

A

Borderline PD only

-3 psychodynamic and 2 cognitive behavioral models

46
Q

What is Psychomotor retardation?

A

Depression causes patient to feel and act slowed down

47
Q

Criteria for Mania vs Hypomania

A

Mania: 3+/7 symptoms for 7+ days of expansive mood

Hypomania: 3+/7 symptoms for 4+ days

48
Q

What is the difference between Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2?

A

Bipolar 1: Mania + MDE

Bipolar 2: Hypomania + MDE

49
Q

What is a requirement/not a requirement for Bipolar 1 and 2?

A

Must have: Mania or hypomania

Does not need: Depression

50
Q

What is the criteria for Cyclothymia?

A

Minor depression + 2+ years of hypomania

51
Q

What is Kindling Hypothesis?

A

Related to Bipolar

  • Too much neuronal limbic firing
  • Once you get mania, you get more
52
Q

Gender differences in Bipolar

A

Bipolar 1: men = women

Bipolar 2: women > men

53
Q

How do Atypical Antipsychotics treat Bipolar?

A
  • D2 receptor block–treats Mania

- 5HT2a receptor block–terats depression

54
Q

Drugs for treating Bipolar 1:

A

Lithium, Divalproex, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, atypical antipsychotics

55
Q

Developmental milestones:

Finality of death by \_\_\_
Gender identify by \_\_\_
Social smile at \_\_\_
Morality by \_\_\_
Body image by \_\_\_
Stranger anxiety at \_\_\_
Universality of death by \_\_\_
Separation anxiety by \_\_\_
A 
Finality of death: 6 year
Gender identify: 3 year
Social smile: 12 week
Morality: 12 years
Body image: 15 years
Stranger anxiety: 9 months
Universality of death: 9 years
Separation anxiety: by 1 year
56
Q

Autism Spectrum disorder is seen before age ___

A

3 years

57
Q

2 Most common genetic factors causing Mental retardation:

A

Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome

58
Q

Age of onset for:
Tourette’s Disorder:
Separation Anxiety:
Selctive Mutism:

A

Tourette’s Disorder: before 18
Separation Anxiety: 7 years
Selctive Mutism: 6 years

59
Q

5 Stages of dying are:

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
60
Q

What is the hallmark symptom of Schizophrenia and what can it present as?

A

Psychosis: impairment in reality testing

  1. Hallucinations
  2. Delusions
  3. Disorganized or catotonic behavior
  4. Negative symptoms
  5. Disorganized speech
61
Q

Symptom and Duration Criteria for Schizophrenia:

A

2+ symptoms during 1+ month periods that persists for 6 months

62
Q

What class of drugs and mechanism that causes NMS and TD?

A

Antipsychotics

Excessive D2 receptor blockade

63
Q

Neurotransmitter abnormalities in Schizophrenia:

A

All high: DA, Glutamate, Serotonin, NE

64
Q

DSM 5 Criteria for ADHD:

A
  • 6+ symptoms for 6+ months
  • Start before age 12
  • Multiple settings
65
Q

ADHD neurologic change/fMRI finding:

A

hypOactive Anterior Cingulate

66
Q

SIG E CAPS

A 
Sleep disturbance
Interest/pleasure reduction
Guilt, worthlessness
Energy loss, fatigue
Concentration/attention impairment
Appetite changes
Psychomotor symptoms
Suicide Ideation
67
Q

What 3 Genes are associated with early onset AD

A
  • APP
  • Presenilin 1
  • Presenilin 2

All autosomal dominant

68
Q

3 Types of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD):

A
  • Tau
  • TDP
  • FUS
69
Q

Knife-edge gross examination of brain suggests:

A

Tau form of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD)

70
Q

Tau associated diseases:

A
  • Alzheimer’s
  • FTLD
  • Parkinson’s
  • PSP
  • CBD
71
Q

Histological findings in PSP:

A
  • Globose tangle

- Tufted astrocyte

72
Q

What are Lewy Bodies made of?

A

Alpha-synuclein

MQW U3 (11 decks)

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