Q1 Middle Ages

Question 1

Where and how did the Black Plague originate?

Answer 1

Asia; trade, rats and other pests

Question 2

What percentage decrease in economy did the Black Plague have on Europe?

Answer 2

25-50%

Question 3

What did much of Europe think the Black Death was because of and why?

Answer 3

Much of Europe was Catholic, so they thought it was God’s punishment for them

Question 4

Flagellants

Answer 4

Catholic Europeans who whipped themselves in the streets and asked for God’s mercy in hopes it would stop the black plague

Question 5

How long did the Hundred Years’ War last?

Answer 5

116 years (1337-1453)

Question 6

Who was the Hundred Years’ War between?

Answer 6

France & England

Question 7

Reason for Hundred Years’ War

Answer 7

France & England were fighting over territorial rights for the duchy of Gascony & issue of succession of French Crown

Question 8

Impacts of the Hundred Years’ War

Answer 8

Destroyed feudal nobility, brought about new social order based on monetary payments, political alliances formed, financial problems (due to extreme use of mercenary soldiers)

Question 9

Joan of Arc

Answer 9

Led French army to victory in Orleans in 1429 in Hundred Years’ War

Question 10

When and why did the Great Schism occur?

Answer 10

1378; because two popes were elected (one from Rome and one from Avignon, France)

Question 11

Who was eventually elected as Pope during the Great Schism?

Answer 11

Pope Urban VI

Question 12

Why did the cardinals want to elect Pope Clement VII instead of Pope Urban VI during the Great Schism?

Answer 12

Because the Roman citizens, in fear of a Frenchman being elected, sent death threats to the cardinals

Question 13

What were some effects of the Great Schism?

Answer 13

Financial abuses within the church, tremendous loss of prestige for the papacy, etc.

Question 14

Pope Gregory VII

Answer 14

Reformed the Church, played a big role in the Investiture Controversy

Question 15

Investiture Controversy

Answer 15

A dispute over the papacy’s authority in the HRE, resulting of excommunication of Emperor Henry VI 3X; eventually, Clement III was appointed as the anti-pope

Question 16

Feudalsim

Answer 16

A social, economic and political system that emerged in the MA in Europe. Nobles held power over peasants in exchange for loyalty/service, and monarchy was on top of social hierarchy but relied on nobles

Question 17

When and why did Feudalism begin to decline?

Answer 17

During the Renaissance due to economic changes and the rise of centralized monarchy

Question 18

What was the Manor System?

Answer 18

When peasants worked hard in land in return for protection, food and other resources given by feudal lords

Question 19

Who was Charlemagne?

Answer 19

First king of the HRE, crowned on December 25, 800 by Pope Leo III

Question 20

Why was Charlemagne crowned king of the HRE?

Answer 20

Because of his conquest in united Europe under Catholicism in areas like Italy, Spain, Bohemia and Germany, which strengthened the Catholic church

Question 21

When did Charlemagne die?

Answer 21

814, 14 years after he was crowned king of the HRE

Question 22

What did Charlemagne’s death signify?

Answer 22

An extended period of fragmentation and decline of provinces due to incompetent rule and Civil War