Q6 Diabetes Flashcards
(18 cards)
Type 2 Overview
Accounts for 90% of all diabetes cases in the UK
Type 2 diabetes is when your body becomes resistant to insulin
This means it is often associated with lifestyle factors and particularly dietary factors
There is research suggest that there are other factors that may predetermine if someone will develop type 2
SACN Report
SACN report highlights how an individuals risk of type 2 diabetes increases with the consumption of sugary beverages
Sugary beverages a personal choice
Within the UK all households have access to safe drinking water
Pros of SACN report
Has a strict inclusion to exclusion criteria for research included in the report and the data is ranked from high to low value
So it naturally accounts for confounding factors
Negatives to SACN report
It does not conduct any of its own research meaning it is reliant on current literature
The report highlighted that currently there is no evidence to suggest a correlation between total carbohydrate intake and Type 2 but there was limited research in this area.
Obesity
An abundance of research has been conducted on how obesity links to diabetes
Obesity is caused by a positive energy balance and so a large proportion of obesity cases are due to lifestyle factors
2001 New England Journal of Medicine
Highlighted the relationship between obesity and type 2
Pre-diabetics who were obese and lost weight reduced risk of diabetes.
Weight loss did have to be maintained
Pros of New England Journal of Medicine
RCT intervention on both men and women so can be applied to the population
Negatives of New England Journal of Medicine
RCT lasted 3.2yrs which while a long time for an RCT did not have a follow up post intervention so unable to determine if education benefits helped prolong weight loss and so the diabetes outcome for the whole cohort is unknown
Neuenschwander et al
Conducted meta analysis to understand how different diets contributed to overall risk of diabetes.
Med, DASH and veg reduce risk
High glycaemic load and generally unhealthy diet increases risk
Cons of Neuenschwander et al research
Data is mostly based on observational so highlights the differences in diet choice impacts in a real world setting the mechanism to understand this can not be determined further.
Why not just lifestyle
Despite evidence to show that there is definitely increased risk of type 2 diabetes based of some lifestyle factors it fails to acknowledge other causes of diabetes.
Rainbow model by Dahlgren and Whitehead highlight how there are several reasons for a person to be in poor health
Genetics and ethnicity
Individual is south Asian living in the UK risk of T2 is 6 times a Caucasian
If Afro-Caribbean then 3 time
Individual can not control heritage and so unfair to say lifestyle only role in a person diabetes diagnosis
Draw backs to ethnicity cause of Diabetes
Research currently looking at SOuth Asian migration to Western world and Diet highlights how it alters gut microbiome and increases risk of obesity.
Research does indicate this is due to western diet which may suggest increase risk of T2 also diet which could be argued as a lifestyle factor
Age and Gender
Males are at greater risk of T2
As age risk of T2 also increases.
Both are not lifestyle so would argue against lifestyle choices
Socioeconomic status
Research by WHO highlighted how T2 is more prevalent in lower and upper middle class countries
Individual countries prosperity may play a role in risk of diabetes
WHO research on T2
Cross sectional observational so can not determine reason.
Some may argue risk is due to general lifestyle choices in these countries
Individual socioeconomic scale
WHO also highlights how a person socio-economic status my lead to more or less education.
Those who are educated further more susceptible to nutritional education which may help prevent them from developing T2 later in life
