Qualitative Research Design

Question 1

Entails gathering and evaluating non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio). It can be utilized to get an in-depth understanding of a subject or to develop fresh research ideas.

Answer 1

Qualitative Research

Question 2

Studies examine human experiences through the descriptions provided by the people involved. These experiences are called lived experiences. The goal is to describe the meaning that experiences hold for each subject. This type of research is used to study areas in which there is little
knowledge.

Answer 2

Phenomenology

Question 3

To be able to relate to the respondents, the researcher must consider their feelings and
beliefs and what they are expecting, then put these ideas aside and put themselves in
the respondents’ shoes to see and experience the event from a first-person view.

Answer 3

bracketing

Question 4

a study through direct observation of users in their natural environment rather than in a lab. The objective of this type of research is to gain insights into how users interact with things in their natural environment. Researchers spend a lot of time researching individuals and their daily lives as well as their cultural activities. It requires a long-term commitment as well as various data collection methods.

Answer 4

Ethnography

Question 5

Creating theories from the data collected

Answer 5

Grounded theory (GT)

Also: the discovery of emerging patterns in data.

Question 5

These sociologists published The Discovery of Grounded Theory to legitimize qualitative research.

Answer 5

Barney Glaser and Anselm

Strauss

Question 6

Researchers can create theories as they unravel and code the data they have gathered as they collect them. As we gather the data, we write down memos.

Answer 6

memoing

Question 7

GT: What are the four (4) methods used in GT?

Answer 7

1. Data collection
2. Open coding
3. Axial coding
4. Selective coding

Question 8

The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

Answer 8

data collection

Question 9

Means categorizing segments of data with a short name that simultaneously summarizes and accounts for each piece of data.

Answer 9

coding

Question 10

________ is when you take your textual data and break it up into discrete parts. As you break these data into parts and label them with codes, you can continuously compare the information you have.

Answer 10

Open coding

Question 11

__________ is when you draw connections between your codes. You can put together
different codes, or you can also make new codes as you check their relations and links to
put them under a category to organize them.

Answer 11

Axial coding

Question 12

_________ is when you select one central
category that connects all the codes from your analysis and captures the essence of your research. Therefore, you will end up with a big picture that is easier to understand and deduce.

Answer 12

selective/theoretical coding

Question 12

_________ is when you select one central
category that connects all the codes from your analysis and captures the essence of your research. Therefore, you will end up with a big picture that is easier to understand and deduce.

Answer 12

selective/theoretical coding

Question 13

Achieved when you have gathered enough data and analyzed them to show the theories you have come up with.

Answer 13

theoretical saturation

Question 14

The study of the discipline of history. It does not only cover historical events but how interpretations of the events changed over a period.

Answer 14

Historical Research (HR)

-also known as Historiography

Question 15

HR: Provide firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic or question under investigation.

Answer 15

Primary sources

Question 16

HR: The works that analyze, assess, or interpret a historical event, era, or phenomenon, generally utilizing primary sources to do so. These sources often offer a review or a critique and are usually written well after the events that are being researched.

Answer 16

secondary sources

Question 17

Categories of sources:

Answer 17

1. Documents
2. Relics
3. Oral Reports
4. Numerical Records

Question 18

Content analysis: concerned with the authenticity or genuineness of the data and should be considered first.

Answer 18

external criticism

Question 19

Content analysis: examines the accuracy of the data and is considered after the data are genuine.

Answer 19

internal criticism

Question 19

Content analysis: examines the accuracy of the data and is considered after the data are genuine.

Answer 19

internal criticism

Question 20

external criticism : validity :: internal criticism : _________

Answer 20

reliability

Question 21

In-depth examinations of people, particular situations, or events. It is a type of research that is designed to explore and understand complex issues and involves seeking the reasons why such cases or phenomena occur to the subject under study.

Answer 21

case study

Question 22

In cases where there are no other cases available for replication, the researcher can
adopt the _____________.

Answer 22

single-case study

Question 23

A __________ uses information from different studies to formulate a new study. It explores real-life multiple bounded systems through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information.

Answer 23

multiple case study

Question 24

___________ are those that investigate a

unit as a single global phenomenon.

Answer 24

Holistic case studies

Question 25

_____________ approaches treat a single unit as a sum of its parts.

Answer 25

Embedded case study

Question 26

The actual object or entity (individual or group) being studied.

Answer 26

unit of analysis

Question 27

What are the seven (7) types of case study?

Answer 27

1. exploratory
2. explanatory
3. descriptive
4. comparative
5. intrinsic
6. instrumental
7. collective

Question 28

When we have to investigate presumed causal relationships in real-life situations or when the focus is on cause-effect relationships. Aim to answer ‘how’ or ’why’ questions with little control on behalf of the researcher over the
occurrence of events.

Answer 28

explanatory

Question 29

It is used to explore situations where the researcher has no clear understanding of the
phenomenon. is used when there is no predetermined outcome. In this study, we answer the questions ‘how’ and ‘what’. It is usually the precursor to a formal, large-scale research project. The case study’s goal is to prove that further investigation is necessary.

Answer 29

exploratory

Question 30

May be in narrative form and include a concise but thorough account of the facts of the situation and expert commentary to understand the causes of the problem,
the forces behind the solution, the outcomes of implementation, and connections to theories, concepts, policies, and tools relevant to the situation.

Answer 30

descriptive

Question 31

Involve the analysis and synthesis of the similarities, differences, and patterns across two or more cases that share a common focus or goal. Particularly useful for understanding how context influences the success of an intervention and how to better modify the intervention to the specific context to achieve intended outcomes.

Answer 31

comparative

Question 32

The case or subject itself is of interest. The case is selected because of its uniqueness, to learn about a unique phenomenon, which distinguishes it from all others.

Answer 32

intrinsic

Question 33

The case is of secondary interest, plays a supportive role, and facilitates our
understanding of something else. The case still is looked at in-depth, its contexts scrutinized, its ordinary activities detailed, but all because this helps the researcher to pursue the external
interest.

Answer 33

instrumental

Question 34

A researcher may jointly study many cases to investigate a phenomenon, population, or
general condition.

Answer 34

collective

Question 34

A researcher may jointly study many cases to investigate a phenomenon, population, or
general condition.

Answer 34

collective

Question 35

First used in 1946 by Kurt Lewin, ___________ is now identified with research in which the researchers work explicitly with and for people rather than research them.

Answer 35

Action Research

Also: a type of research study that is initiated to solve an immediate problem.

Question 36

It demands participants perceive the need for change and adapt the willingness to play an active part in the research and the change process.

Answer 36

participation

Question 37

A special kind of community-based action
research in which there is a collaboration between the study participants and the
researcher in all steps of the study: determining the problem, the research methods to use, the analysis of data, and how the study results will be used.

Answer 37

Participatory Action Research

Question 38

Helps the researcher to dig deeper into
issues, with open-ended questions allowing “one to grasp and capture the points of view
of other individuals without predetermining those points of view by the prior selection of
questionnaire categories.”

Answer 38

qualitative technique

Question 39

A type of qualitative study in which the raw data is the stories themselves. This method has been employed in a variety of fields to learn more about the narrator’s culture, historical experiences, identity, and lifestyle.

Answer 39

Narrative Inquiry

Question 39

A type of qualitative study in which the raw data is the stories themselves. This method has been employed in a variety of fields to learn more about the narrator’s culture, historical experiences, identity, and lifestyle.

Answer 39

Narrative Inquiry