Quarterly Test 1

Question 1

Atoms have the same number of ___ and ___.

Answer 1

electrons and protons

Question 2

prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

a cell that has no nucleus or other distinct, membrane-bound organelles

Question 3

What are the basic parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 3

a phosphate group, a sugar, and a base

Question 4

decomposer

Answer 4

organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms

Question 5

eukaryotic cells

Answer 5

a cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other distinct, membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

What are abiotic factors? Give some examples.

Answer 6

non-living factors in an environment; soil type, water, and temperature

Question 7

How does DNA store information?

Answer 7

a sequence of nucleotide bases, much like all of the English language can be stored as a sequence of dots and dashes in morse code.

Question 8

What do the subscripts after the elemental abbreviations in a molecule stand for?

Answer 8

how many of each atom is in the molecule.

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

the random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 10

An ___ includes communities made up of populations made up of organisms

Answer 10

ecosystem

Question 11

osmosis

Answer 11

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration

Question 12

autotroph

Answer 12

organisms that are able to make their own food

Question 13

consumer

Answer 13

organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food

Question 14

What determines the vast majority of characteristics in an atom?

Answer 14

the number of electrons (or protons) in an atom

Question 15

What are the basic building blocks of proteins?

Answer 15

Amino acids

Question 16

What holds the two helixes in a DNA molecule together?

Answer 16

hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases

Question 17

What is an inference?

Answer 17

a logical interpretation of observations based on knowledge or experience

Question 18

What is the principal means by which oxygen is taken from the air?

Answer 18

respiration

Question 19

Describe the properties of water that allow life on Earth to thrive

Answer 19

universal solvent- water is able to dissolve many substances; cohesion - water’s polarity allows it to attract other water molecules; adhesion - water’s polarity allows it to attract other polar substances; density - water’s ability to float as a solid; high heat capacity - water’s ability to absorb large amounts of thermal enery before its temperature increases

Question 20

active transport

Answer 20

requires the use of energy to move molecules; examples include endocytosis, exocytosis, and pumps such as the sodium-potassium pump

Question 21

passive transport

Answer 21

the transport of molecule without using energy; examples include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 22

The smallest amount of energy is wasted where

Answer 22

the amount of energy of one level is close to equal the amount of energy of the next level

Question 23

What chemical process occurs in chloroplasts?

Answer 23

photosynthesis

Question 24

Describe the pH scale and what it measures.

Answer 24

It measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. On this scale, 7 is neutral, a pH lower than 7 is acidic, and a pH higher than 7 is alkaline. The lower the pH the more acidic, and the higher the pH the more alkaline

Question 25

What is the principal means by which oxygen is restored to the air?

Answer 25

photosynthesis

Question 26

What is an observation?

Answer 26

using your five senses to gather factual information

Question 27

What type of organelle contains its own DNA?

Answer 27

mitochondria

Question 28

heterotrophs

Answer 28

organisms that depend on other organisms for their food

Question 29

What are the three main ideas of cell theory?

Answer 29

all living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and function; all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 30

producer

Answer 30

organisms that produce their own food

Question 31

What are the 6 criteria for life?

Answer 31

All life is composed of cells and cells are the most basic unit of structure and function for living things. All living things grow. All living things require energy to power activities. All living things maintain a stable internal environment by regulating all of the chemical processes occurring in them. All living things respond to their environment. All living things contain hereditary information in their DNA.