Test for Module 8

Question 1

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, certain individuals will leave more offspring on average than do other individuals. What is their survival due to?

Answer 1

possession of inherited adaptations that are well-suited to the environment

Question 2

microevolution

Answer 2

the theory that natural selection can, over time, take an organism and transform it into a more specialized species of that organism

Question 3

the study of similar structures in different species

Answer 3

structural homology

Question 4

The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. What was one of the adaptations that Darwin noted?

Answer 4

birds’ different-shaped beaks

Question 5

How does the immutability of species relate to evolution?

Answer 5

Microevolution shows that a species can change in as little as one generation due to selective breeding or other causes of change to its existing genetic code

Question 6

Why is the Cambrian explosion a problem for evolution?

Answer 6

there is not nearly enough time in the Cambrian era to produce so much evolution, and there are no transitional forms linking on species to another

Question 7

What is the immutability of species

Answer 7

It is the idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God. The idea goes one step further by saying that, due to its divine creation, the species could never fundamentally change.

Question 8

Why was the hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium proposed?

Answer 8

punctuated equilibrium attempts to explain why there are no intermediate links in the fossil record

Question 9

preserved remains of once-living organisms

Answer 9

fossils

Question 10

What is the Cambrian explosion?

Answer 10

It refers to the fact that representatives from every major animal phylum can be found in Cambrian rock, some of the lowest, sedimentary rock in the geological column.

Question 11

Bacteria can sometimes become immune to the effects of an antibiotic. What are some ways this can happen?

Answer 11

mutation, conjugation, transformation, and transduction

Question 12

the theory that more specialized species can, over time and through adaption and natural selection , descend from a common ancestor

Answer 12

microevolution

Question 13

distinct layers of rock

Answer 13

strata

Question 14

the hypothesis that new and different organisms can, over eons of time and through natural selection, descend from a common ancestor

Answer 14

macroevolution

Question 15

Name two ideas from other scientists that influenced Darwin in his work.

Answer 15

the concept of a struggle for survival as proposed by Malthus; the present is the key to the past as proposed by Lyell

Question 16

What theory in Darwin’s book, On the Origin of Species, is a well-documented theory today/

Answer 16

the theory of microevolution

Question 17

What three data sets provide conclusive evidence against macroevolution?

Answer 17

the fossil record, molecular biology, and structural homology

Question 18

How does the neo-Darwinist hypothesis differ from the hypothesis of Darwin?

Answer 18

Neo-Darwinist propose that mutations add information to the genetic code

Question 19

birds’What is the process called when farmers breed only their best livestock

Answer 19

artificial selection

Question 20

the idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could never fundamentally change

Answer 20

the immutability of the speces

Question 21

macroevolution

Answer 21

the hypothesis that processes similar to those at work in microevolution can, over eons of time, transform an organism into a completely different kind of organism