Questions 11-20 Flashcards
(8 cards)
Passive vs active immunity
Active immunity: Response induced by real pathogen or vaccine- body produces antibodies to exposure. Generates memory cells
Passive immunity: Preformed antibodies transferred (ex. maternal antibodies from placenta, immune globulin, sera)
- Can be used to prevent infections
- Memory cells not produced
Types of vaccines
Attenuated: live microbes weakened. Can’t produce disease unless immunocompromised. Can cause mild symptoms (MMR vaccine)
Inactivated: Dead microbes, can’t cause disease (influenza, Hep A)
Toxoid: bacterial toxins that can’t cause disease, induce formation of antibodies (ex. diptheria, tetanus)
Prednisone
Anti-inflammatory corticosteroid
duration of therapy from 4-10 days
Alternate days of dosing if long term
Can be used for acute bronchospasm in asthma, and antineoplastic for cancer.
Administer DEEEEEP IM to avoid atrophy or abscess
Don’t use if signs of systematic infection present
Taper if used longer than 10 days
AE:
- Long term can cause Cushing’s (Hyperglycemia, weakness, bruising, fractures)
- Gastric Ulcers
diphenhydramine (benadryl) for allergies
H1 receptor agonists, antihistamine
Increased risk of anaphylactic shock when taken parenterally
25mg/min IV!!!!!
Inject deep into large muscle if IM to minimize irritation
AE:
- Drowsiness
- Can cause excitation
- Anticholinergic (dry mouth, tachycardia)
Oxymetalozine (Afrin) for nasal congestion
Causes nasal arterioles to constrict, drying membrane
Relief occurs within minutes, lasts 10+ hours
Also available as eyedrops for red eyes
Wash hands after admin to prevent anisocoria
AE:
-Rebound congestion when used longer than 3-5 days
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
NSAID
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic
Give drug on empty stomach as tolerated, if GI distress give w/ food
Pt w/ asthma or allergies to aspirin are more likely to exhibit hypersensitivity
Avoid taking w/anticoags
AE:
-GI upset
black box: CAN CAUSE SERIOUS THROMBOTIC EVENTS, MI, STROKE.
DON’T USE FOR TREATMENT OF PERIOPERATIVE PAIN W/ CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS
Alfa-2b (Intron A)
Immunostimulant
Treats cancers and viral infections
SubQ admin for pt at risk for bleeding (platelet under 50,000/mm3)
AE:
- Fever, chills, dizziness, fatigue
- HA nausea, anorexia, vomiting
- Depression, suicidal ideation
- Prolonged therapy can cause immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity
Black box: Can cause or aggravate neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic or infectious disorders*
Cyclosporine (Neoral) for organ transplant
Immunosuppressant
Inhibits T cells
For transplants used w/ corticosteroid
IV form for transplant rejection, severe ulcerative colitis, crohns
Neoral and Sandimmune not the same
AE:
- Many have reduced urine output
- Common HTN and tremor
- HA, gingival hyperplasia, elevated hepatic enzymes
LABS TO MAKE SURE:
WBC ABOVE 4,000
PLATELETS ABOVE 75,000
Long term therapy inc. risk of malignancy
black box: Nephrotoxic at high doses, only to be administered by providers experienced in immunosuppressive therapy. Patients w/ psoriasis that’ve been treated with shit prior to this at risk for skin malignancies.
