Questions

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

A body system that transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste via blood.

Question 2

What are the parts of the heart?

Answer 2

Right and left atrium, right and left ventricles, valves, and septum (muscular wall separates sides of the heart)

Question 3

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 3

Arteries (away from heart, high pressure, oxygenated; except pulmonary artery), veins (to the heart, low pressure, deoxygenated; except pulmonary vein), and capillaries (exchange site).

Question 4

How does the circulatory system interact with other systems?

Answer 4

Delivers oxygen (respiratory), nutrients (digestive), removes waste (excretory), and distributes hormones (endocrine)

Question 5

How is blood flow regulated?

Answer 5

Through heart rate, blood pressure, and the opening/closing of valves to prevent backflow.

Question 6

What are the components of blood?

Answer 6

Plasma (carries nutrients, hormones and waste), red blood cells (contains hemoglobin which binds to oxygen), white blood cells (fights off infections), and platelets (assists with blood clots).

Question 7

What is the human respiratory system?

Answer 7

A system that brings in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

Question 8

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

Answer 8

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchiole alveoli, diaphragm.

Question 9

What are the functions of respiratory parts?

Answer 9

Nose filters air; trachea, bronchi and bronchioles carry air; alveoli facilitate exchange gases; diaphragm controls breathing by contracting/flattening when inhaling and relaxing when exhaling.

Question 10

What controls the rate of breathing?

Answer 10

The brain (medulla oblongata) detects CO₂ levels in the blood.

Question 11

What is the main role of the digestive system?

Answer 11

To break down food, absorb nutrients, and remove waste.

Question 12

What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion?

Answer 12

Mechanical is physical (chewing), chemical uses enzymes and acids to break food down (saliva).

Question 13

What is the pathway of digestion?

Answer 13

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large Intestine → Rectum → Anus.

Question 14

What are key organs of the digestive system and their functions?

Answer 14

Stomach (digests), small intestine (absorbs), large intestine (absorbs water), liver (makes bile), pancreas (enzymes), gallbladder (stores and secretes bile)

Question 15

What is peristalsis?

Answer 15

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Question 16

What are the components of stomach acid?

Answer 16

Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes like pepsin.

Question 17

What are the accessory digestive organs and their roles?

Answer 17

Liver (bile production), gallbladder (bile storage & secretion), pancreas (enzyme secretion)

Question 18

What are the key components of the excretory system?

Answer 18

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, skin, lungs.

Question 19

How do kidneys function as filters?

Answer 19

They remove urea, salts, and excess water from blood, forming urine.

Question 20

What are other excretory processes in the body?

Answer 20

Lungs exhale CO₂; skin excretes sweat.

Question 21

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 21

A disease caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can spread.

Question 22

How can diseases be transmitted?

Answer 22

Through contact, air, water, food, vectors (organism e.g mosquito), or bodily fluids.

Question 23

What are types of infectious diseases?

Answer 23

Covid - 19, measles, influenza, common cold, dengue fever.

Question 24

How can we prevent disease transmission?

Answer 24

Vaccines, hygiene, clean water, food safety, controlling insect vectors, herd immunity.

Question 25

How is malaria transmitted?

Answer 25

Through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

Question 26

What is the first line of defense in the immune system?

Answer 26

Skin, mucus, tears, and stomach acid—physical and chemical barriers. Innate immune system

Question 27

What is the second line of defense?

Answer 27

Inflammatory response (biological response of body issues to harmful stimuli), white blood cells, fever—non-specific immune responses. Called immune system or inflammatory response.

Question 28

What is the third line of defense?

Answer 28

Specific immune response using lymphocytes and antibodies. e.g t cells produce antibodies and b cells directly target the disease. Called adaptive immune system.

Question 29

How do sexual and asexual reproduction differ?

Answer 29

Sexual involves two parents and gametes; asexual requires one parent and creates identical offspring. Sexual reproduction also takes a lot longer, while asexual reproduction is shorter and can produce more offspring.

Question 30

How do plants reproduce sexually?

Answer 30

Pollen from the anther fertilizes the ovule in the pistil.

Question 31

What are types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 31

Binary fission, fragmentation, parthenogenesis, vegetative propagation.

Question 32

What are plant reproductive structures and their functions?

Answer 32

Stamen (produces pollen - male), pistil (receives pollen and houses ovules - female).

Question 32

What are the parts of the female reproductive system?

Answer 32

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina.

Question 33

What are the parts of the male reproductive system?

Answer 33

Testes, penis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland.

Question 34

What is the process of human reproduction?

Answer 34

Sperm fertilizes egg → zygote → embryo → fetus → baby.