Questions

Question 0

What formed the Carnac Manhirs in France?

Answer 0

Retreating glacier erosion.

Question 1

Early civilizations believed that the cave was a sanctuary, and that specific sites had a specific sacred connotation, feel, or ‘spirit of place’. What was the term for this concept?

Answer 1

Genus loci

Question 2

The Nazca Lines are designs inscribed on the ground, what are these lines called?

Answer 2

Geocliffs

Question 3

Term for structures that imitate natural land forms, such as the Ziggurat of Ur?

Answer 3

Mimetic architecture.

Question 4

Who designed the funerary complex of Queen Hatshepsut?

Answer 4

Senmut

Question 5

Where are the casa grande ruins located?

Answer 5

Arizona

Question 6

4 values of classical design

Answer 6

1. Simplicity of form
2. Harmonious proportion
3. Ornament draw attention to important parts of structures.
4. Symmetry

Question 7

What did Hippodamus invent?

Answer 7

City planning

Question 8

What did the Romans build to transept water to supply water for public baths, pools, fountains, etc?

Answer 8

Aqueducts

Question 9

Which country did the Romans build Hadrian’s wall?

Answer 9

Scotland border

Question 10

In which country is Alhambra located?

Answer 10

Spain

Question 11

How many lion sculptures are in the fountain at court of lions?

Answer 11

12

Question 12

What is a cordonata?

Answer 12

A gradual sloping road or pathway with cross stripes of brick or stone.

Question 13

What is a bosco (Italian) or bosquet (French)?

Answer 13

A wooded area

Question 14

What is a belvedere?

Answer 14

A high place in a garden for people to admire the beautiful view.

Question 15

Methods Michelangelo used to design a cohesive space and create order from chaos on Capitoline Hill?

Answer 15

1. Facades to unify - pilasters.
2. Oval pavement design to break space.
3. Statue in center - focal point.
4. Entryway - arched gate from appian way.

Question 16

2 elements found in formal gardens that were also used in city squares.

Answer 16

1. Center fountains.

2. Obelisks

Question 17

Who was appointed by Napoleon III in 1853 to “modernize” Paris?

Answer 17

Hosmen

Question 18

What is the French word that means town/city square?

Answer 18

Place

Question 19

When city governments began to improve their urban spaces, which garden feature was adapted for use to increase the usability and drama of the cityscape?

Answer 19

Allée

Question 20

The Nevsky is located in what city?

Answer 20

St. Petersburg

Question 21

What is a parterre de broderie

Answer 21

Garden bed with an embroidery like design of curlicues and swirls.

Question 22

The term for a fruit tree that is trained and and trimmed to spread out in a flat plane against a wall?

Answer 22

Pollarding

Question 23

What gardens did André Le Nôtre design?

Answer 23

1. Versailles
2. Les Jardin De Tuileries
3. Chantilly
4. Vaux-le-Vicomte

Question 24

Design principles of André Le Nôtre

Answer 24

1. Garden visible as a while composition. 2. House and gardens blended to be part of the while composition. 3. Long avenues and expanses of water created a unified design. 4. Fountains created rhythm, movement, and focal points. 5. Used 3D geometry - flat planes of tapia vert, vertical planes of hedges, and overhead planes of trees. 6. NOT picturesque.

Question 25

In what country did capability brown design park-like landscapes?

Answer 25

England

Question 26

What's a folly?

Answer 26

Classical style buildings in English gardens meant only to be focal points. Not for use.

Question 27

What estates did capability brown design?

Answer 27

1. Blenheim palace 2. Stourhead 3. Nuneham 4. Chatsworth

Question 28

2 characteristics of capability brown's design landscapes

Answer 28

1. S-curves 2. Free form lakes 3. Grass all way up to the building. 4. More natural than nature itself. 5. Smooth topographic transitions. 6. Gardenless form. 7. Lots of grading.

Question 29

Design characteristics of English garden

Answer 29

- grand scale. - gently rolling hills. - free-form lakes. - groves of trees. - a unified site plan. - use of s-curve.

Question 30

Design characteristics of Humphry Repton

Answer 30

- Browns successor. - writer/artist. - came up with "landscape designer". - blended garden to surrounding nature. - made "red books" for before/after views. - reintroduced more plan gardens.

Question 31

What's "borrowed" landscape?

Answer 31

Using landscape outside of the garden to make it look bigger.

Question 32

Which wall has remained constant to the landscape of china since the 3rd c. BCE?

Answer 32

The Great Wall of china

Question 33

What were Yin and Yang in a Chinese garden?

Answer 33

Yin - tranquilizing female force: "water" | Yang - strong male force: "rock"

Question 34

What's a scholar garden?

Answer 34

A place for study and contemplation.

Question 35

Chinese views of nature

Answer 35

- life was to be lived in spiritual harmony of nature. - believed that there was a unity in nature, with all rings connected. - gardens were places of retreat for meditation as it was felt that there was spiritual fulfillment in nature.

Question 36

Characteristics of William Kent

Answer 36

- use s-curves - saw gardens as "scenes" - started in stage painting. - did groupings of trees and follies - viniets were meant to be discovered.