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Psych GRE > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What natural chemical in the body is similar to opiates, has the ability to reduce pain, and is blocked by the action of naloxone

A

Endorphin

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2
Q

The bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, and tremors that characterize Parkinson’s disease are a result of the degeneration of dopaminergic cells in the…

A

Substantia nigra

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3
Q

What best characterizes an infant’s object concept at six months of age

A

The infant understands objects to be solid bounded entities that take up space and move on continuous paths

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4
Q

A 40 item vocabulary test was administered to a group of students. A second, similar test of vocabulary terms was administered to the same group of students approximately one week later. The researcher reported that the correlation between these two tests was r=.90. What type of reliability is represented in this example?

A

Alternate forms

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5
Q

The idea that people cope with stress by moving toward people, away from people, or against people is most consistent with the views of…

A

Karen Horney

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6
Q

Give an example of the categorical perception of human speech

A

When a sound is presented that is intermediate between the phonemes/b/ and /p/, listeners report that they heard a distinct /b/ or a district/p/.

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7
Q

What is the least likely cognitive ability to show a decline in late life

A

Semantic memory

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8
Q

Charles Scott Sherrington proposed that rapid stimulation of a specific synapse is likely to produce a cumulative effect in the postsynaptic cell because of…

A

Temporal stimulation

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9
Q

“I runned to the car” is an example of…

A

Overregularization

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10
Q

Kyle mixes his blue paint with Jamie’s yellow paint. The resulting green color occurs because?

A

The blue and yellow absorb all the other wavelengths except green

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11
Q

Who was the first to systematically and empirically study memory by developing an innovative approach based on consonant-vowel-consonant combinations?

A

Herman Ebbinghaus

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12
Q

Cleotha finds that her roommate Leontyne is a better pool player than she is. However, Cleotha reminds herself that she can play poker better than Leontyne. Cleotha is engaging in what?

A

Self-Affirmation

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13
Q

Newlyweds Layla and Keith both have normal color vision, but Layla carries a recessive gene for color deficiency. What would the likelihood of their children being color deficient be?

A

Half of their sons but non of their daughters will be color deficient.

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14
Q

Young children form rudimentary sentences that resemble telegrams even though they have never heard anyone make such utterances before. This is evidence of?

A

A universal grammar

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15
Q

A fixed action pattern is defined as a response to a…

A

Sign stimulus

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16
Q

Damaging the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats will?

A

Interfere with the biological clock that is synchronized with light

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17
Q

What increases statistical power?

A

Changing from two tailed to one tailed test

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18
Q

The tendency to attribute your successes to dispositional factors and your failures to situational factors is called..

A

The self serving bias

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19
Q

Free will plays the greatest role in Whos psychology?

A

Carl Rodgers Humanistic Psychology

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20
Q

When studying moral development Lawrence Kohlberg used moral dilemmas such as the Heinz dilemma, in which a husband must decide whether to steal a drug to prolong his wife’s life because they cannot afford the drug. A child who is in the conventional level of Kohlberg’s theory will use what reasoning when faced with the Heinz dilemma?

A

It is against the law to steal so the husband should not steal the drug.

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21
Q

What term is used to describe the smallest meaningful unit of a language?

A

Morpheme

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22
Q

The action potential is triggered in what part of a neuron?

A

Axon hillock

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23
Q

Gonadal hormones can act early in life to irreversibly determine a rat’s mate selection through effects referred to as…

A

Organizational

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24
Q

A neuron that receives excitation from other neurons and conducts impulses from its soma in the spinal cord to muscle or gland cells is called a…

A

Motor neuron

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25
Q

The inability to recognize a one familiar face while still being able to accurately describe features of the face is a characteristic of..

A

Prosopagnosia

26
Q

When Latoya was younger, she decided which ice cream cone was bigger by always picking the taller one. Now that she’s eight years old she makes more accurate decisions by considering the width and depth of the cone as well as the height. Latoya has learned to…

A

Decenter

27
Q

“Of several responses made to the same situation, those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation…; those which are followed by discomfort to the animal will, all things being equal, have their connections weakened.”

Who said it?

A

Edward thorndike

28
Q

What approach to assessment of intelligence is consistent with the theories of both Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg?

A

Increasing the emphasis on measuring specific abilities rather than g

29
Q

What are two competing theories of color vision that describe events that take place at different levels of the nervous system?

A

Trichromatic vs opponent-process

30
Q

Damage to what area of the brain leads to a decrease in physically aggressive behavior and social rank?

A

Amygdala

31
Q

Researchers using a variety of methods, people’s and cultures have concluded that five major personalities exist. The traits are…

A

Extraversion, agreeableness, consciousness, emotional stability and openness to experience.

32
Q

The Flynn effect phenomenon is?

A

The gradual increase in IQ scores over the last century

33
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac) are designed to treat depression by…

A

Decreasing the reuptake of serotonin

34
Q

Damage to the lateral hypothalamus of rats is known to produce deficits in regulation of?

A

Eating and drinking

35
Q

According to a current model, learned helplessness in humans is determined by causal explanations of prior uncontrollable events. These explanations are referred to as…

A

Attributions

36
Q

Participants in an experiment are asked to look at a display and to find the one straight line among a number of circles. The participants are able to find the line just as quickly among twenty circles as they are among five circles. These results suggest that finding the straight line depends on…

A

A preattentive process

37
Q

Albert noticed that he has difficulty hearing people in crowded parties even though his hearing seems fine in quiet surroundings. He most likely has damage to his…

A

Hair cells

38
Q

What is a chronic condition that can cause anterograde amnesia in some people?

A

Alcoholism

39
Q

Cephalocaudal development refers to development that proceeds from…

A

Head to tail

40
Q

State the major shortcomings of the place and frequency matching (volley) theories of audition

A

Place theory does not explain the coding of very low frequencies whereas frequency matching theory does not explain the coding of very high frequencies

41
Q

If a student hears a list of words such as night, bed, pillow, blanket, dream, snore, she is likely to remember the word sleep even though it was never presented. This can be explained by?

A

The activation of schematic knowledge

42
Q

According to Edward Tillman, behavior is best understood as…

A

Molar and purposive

43
Q

A recent article described a university in which the average age is 26. The article also said that 38% of the students are over 25. What can be concluded from this information?

A

The distribution must be skewed

44
Q

When people first sense a new stimulus, only temporary changes in neurons take place, but eventually more permanent changes occur. This is called?

A

Consolidation

45
Q

If adjacent lights flash on and off in sequence, individuals will often perceive apparent motion even though there is no motion. This experience is called?

A

The phi phenomenon

46
Q

The antianxiety effects of benzodiazepines such as diazepam result from their binding with the receptor for what neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

47
Q

Which psychological school of thought was heavily influenced by pragmatism?

A

Functionalism

48
Q

Eliciting sympathy in order to create a positive impression is consistent with which self presentation strategies?

A

Supplication

49
Q

What describes a normative influence?

A

Conformity motivated by fear of social rejection

50
Q

Which school of psychology rejected the concept of consciousness and defined psychology as an objective natural science?

A

Behaviorism

51
Q

When newborn baby Yasmin’s cheek is stroked she turns toward the direction of the stimulus. Which reflex is she demonstrating?

A

Rooting

52
Q

The belief that differences among spoken languages cause differences in the thinking and problem-solving styles of speakers is called?

A

The Sapir-who’re hypothesis

53
Q

The Premack principle states that…

A

A less frequent behavior will be reenforced by more frequent behavior

54
Q

Long term potentiation is widely assumed to be the physiological mechanism of…

A

Learning

55
Q

What is the most typical way of comparing an experimental group and a control group on a continuous measure?

A

Conducting a t test on the two means

56
Q

We process information relevant to the self more efficiently than we process other types of information. This phenomenon is called the…

A

Self-reference effect

57
Q

What type of glial cell is responsible for producing myelin sheaths?

A

Oligodendrocyte

58
Q

There is less native like competence in what part of language if learned after Adolesence?

A

Pronunciation

59
Q

Which two individuals are credited with the founding of psychology as indicated by the formation of psychology laboratories in the 1870s

A

Wundt and William James

60
Q

What are Kohlbergs levels of morality?

A

Pre conventional ages 9 and below
Conventional - most Adolesence and adults
Post conventional- 10-15% of adults not before the age of 30

Psych GRE (2 decks)

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