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Pharmacology II > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the goal BP?

A

140/90

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2
Q

Which HTN meds do black people respond to better?

A

CCBs & diuretics

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3
Q

What are the preferred meds for HTN in pregnant people?

A

methlydopa, beta-blocker, vasodilators

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4
Q

What HTN meds should you avoid in pregnant people?

A

ACEi & ARBs also avoid in sexually active girls

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5
Q

You shouldn’t use alpha blockers for HTN in Pts w/??

A

Postural HOTN or urinary incontinence

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6
Q

When does JNC7 suggest using a 2 drug regimen for HTN?

A

BP >20 systolic or 10 diastolic above Tx goal includes diuretic

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7
Q

What happens upon blockage of beta-1 receptors?

A

reduce HR & renin release

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8
Q

What happens upon blocking PERIPHERAL alpha-1 receptors?

A

vasodilation & dec. peripheral resistance

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9
Q

What happens when you trigger central alpha-2 receptors?

A

reduce sympathetic outflow to the heart

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10
Q

What receptors do selective beta-blockers affect?

A

beta-1 receptors ex. metoprolol

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11
Q

What do beta-blockers w/ peripheral vasodilatory affects do?

A

adds in alpha-1 blockade effect affects nitric oxide levels

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12
Q

What are 3 beta-blockers?

A
  1. Carvedilol 2. Metoprolol 3. Nebivolol
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13
Q

Which HTN meds needs adjusted if IV/PO?

A

Beta-blockers due to hepatic metabolism metoprolol, carvedilol

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14
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A
  1. Bradycardia 2. HOTN 3. Atrioventricular nodal conduction block 4. Bronchoconstriction 5. Hypoglycemia
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15
Q

What are the ADRs of alpha blockers?

A

1st dose syncope peripheral edema orthostatic HOTN nasal congestion, HA, reflex tachycardia body may compensate for drop in BP by inc. HR, CO & fluid retention may have favorable effect on lipid profile

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16
Q

What are the ADRs of alpha stimulants?

A
  1. Dry mouth 2. Bradycardia 3. Orthostatic HOTN 4. Sedation 5. Problem w/ abrupt withdrawal life-threatening HTN crisis
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17
Q

How does minoxidil work & the ADRs?

A

direct vasodilator inc. nitric oxide levels 1. Pericarditis/pericardial effsion that could progress to tamponade 2. Inc. O2 demand & exacerbate angina 3. Na & H20 retention don’t prescribe unless 3 failed meds

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18
Q

What are the ADRs of hydralazine?

A

BP drop may cause reflex tachycardia 1. HA 2. Lupus-like syndrome short 1/2 life

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19
Q

What is a hypertensive emergency?

A

220/140 mmHg want 25% reduction w/in 3 hrs

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20
Q

What is a hypertensive urgency?

A

180/110 mmHg

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21
Q

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has acute coronary syndrome?

A
  1. Nitroglycerin 2. Nitroprusside 3. Nicardipine
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22
Q

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has acute or chronic renal failure?

A
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Labetalol 3. Nicardipine
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23
Q

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has heart failure?

A
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Nitroglycerin 3. IV loop diuretic
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24
Q

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has ischemic stroke?

A
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Nicardipine 3. Labetalol
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25
What do calcium channel blockers do?
reduce smooth muscle contraction & reduce myocyte contraction reduce BP
26
What are the ADRs of CCBs?
1. Bradycardia 2. AV block 3. Excessive HOTN 4. Dizziness 5. Peripheral edema a LOT of drug-drug interactios
27
What are the CCBs?
1. Amlodipine 2. Nicardipine
28
What do ACEi's do?
1. Lower arteriolar resistance 2. Inc. venous capacity 3. Inc. CO & cardiac index, stroke work & volume 4. Lower renovascular resistance 5. Reduce the progress of diabetic nephropathy have class effect dec. cardiac mortality
29
What Pts are ACEi's good for?
post-MI help prevent development of heart failure
30
What are the ADRs for ACEi?
1. Cough 2. Hyperkalemia 3. Renal impairment
31
Who should not use ACEi's?
1. Renal artery stenosis 2. Pregnant ladies 3. Previous angioedema assoc. w/ ACEi therapy
32
What are the ACEi?
1. Lisinopril 2. Captopril
33
Which ARBs can be used for heart failure?
1. Valsartan 2. Candesartan
34
What are the ARBs?
1. Valsartan 2. Losartan
35
Where do renin antagonists work?
blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
36
When are renin antagonists used?
Pts who benefit from an ACEi/ARB & became refractory
37
140/90
What is the goal BP?
38
CCBs & diuretics
Which HTN meds do black people respond to better?
39
methlydopa, beta-blocker, vasodilators
What are the preferred meds for HTN in pregnant people?
40
ACEi & ARBs also avoid in sexually active girls
What HTN meds should you avoid in pregnant people?
41
Postural HOTN or urinary incontinence
You shouldn't use alpha blockers for HTN in Pts w/??
42
BP \>20 systolic or 10 diastolic above Tx goal includes diuretic
When does JNC7 suggest using a 2 drug regimen for HTN?
43
reduce HR & renin release
What happens upon blockage of beta-1 receptors?
44
vasodilation & dec. peripheral resistance
What happens upon blocking PERIPHERAL alpha-1 receptors?
45
reduce sympathetic outflow to the heart
What happens when you trigger central alpha-2 receptors?
46
beta-1 receptors ex. metoprolol
What receptors do selective beta-blockers affect?
47
adds in alpha-1 blockade effect affects nitric oxide levels
What do beta-blockers w/ peripheral vasodilatory affects do?
48
1. Carvedilol 2. Metoprolol 3. Nebivolol
What are 3 beta-blockers?
49
Beta-blockers due to hepatic metabolism metoprolol, carvedilol
Which HTN meds needs adjusted if IV/PO?
50
1. Bradycardia 2. HOTN 3. Atrioventricular nodal conduction block 4. Bronchoconstriction 5. Hypoglycemia
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
51
1st dose syncope peripheral edema orthostatic HOTN nasal congestion, HA, reflex tachycardia body may compensate for drop in BP by inc. HR, CO & fluid retention may have favorable effect on lipid profile
What are the ADRs of alpha blockers?
52
1. Dry mouth 2. Bradycardia 3. Orthostatic HOTN 4. Sedation 5. Problem w/ abrupt withdrawal life-threatening HTN crisis
What are the ADRs of alpha stimulants?
53
direct vasodilator inc. nitric oxide levels 1. Pericarditis/pericardial effsion that could progress to tamponade 2. Inc. O2 demand & exacerbate angina 3. Na & H20 retention don't prescribe unless 3 failed meds
How does minoxidil work & the ADRs?
54
BP drop may cause reflex tachycardia 1. HA 2. Lupus-like syndrome short 1/2 life
What are the ADRs of hydralazine?
55
220/140 mmHg want 25% reduction w/in 3 hrs
What is a hypertensive emergency?
56
180/110 mmHg
What is a hypertensive urgency?
57
1. Nitroglycerin 2. Nitroprusside 3. Nicardipine
What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has acute coronary syndrome?
58
1. Nitroprusside 2. Labetalol 3. Nicardipine
What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has acute or chronic renal failure?
59
1. Nitroprusside 2. Nitroglycerin 3. IV loop diuretic
What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has heart failure?
60
1. Nitroprusside 2. Nicardipine 3. Labetalol
What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has ischemic stroke?
61
reduce smooth muscle contraction & reduce myocyte contraction reduce BP
What do calcium channel blockers do?
62
1. Bradycardia 2. AV block 3. Excessive HOTN 4. Dizziness 5. Peripheral edema a LOT of drug-drug interactios
What are the ADRs of CCBs?
63
1. Amlodipine 2. Nicardipine
What are the CCBs?
64
1. Lower arteriolar resistance 2. Inc. venous capacity 3. Inc. CO & cardiac index, stroke work & volume 4. Lower renovascular resistance 5. Reduce the progress of diabetic nephropathy have class effect dec. cardiac mortality
What do ACEi's do?
65
post-MI help prevent development of heart failure
What Pts are ACEi's good for?
66
1. Cough 2. Hyperkalemia 3. Renal impairment
What are the ADRs for ACEi?
67
1. Renal artery stenosis 2. Pregnant ladies 3. Previous angioedema assoc. w/ ACEi therapy
Who should not use ACEi's?
68
1. Lisinopril 2. Captopril
What are the ACEi?
69
1. Valsartan 2. Candesartan
Which ARBs can be used for heart failure?
70
1. Valsartan 2. Losartan
What are the ARBs?
71
blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Where do renin antagonists work?
72
Pts who benefit from an ACEi/ARB & became refractory
When are renin antagonists used?
73
What are the types of CCBs?
1. Dihydropyridine 2. Phenylalkylamine 3. Benzothiazepine

Pharmacology II (10 decks)

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