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Pharmacology II > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal BP?

A

140/90

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2
Q

Which HTN meds do black people respond to better?

A

CCBs & diuretics

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3
Q

What are the preferred meds for HTN in pregnant people?

A

methlydopa, beta-blocker, vasodilators

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4
Q

What HTN meds should you avoid in pregnant people?

A

ACEi & ARBs also avoid in sexually active girls

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5
Q

You shouldn’t use alpha blockers for HTN in Pts w/??

A

Postural HOTN or urinary incontinence

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6
Q

When does JNC7 suggest using a 2 drug regimen for HTN?

A

BP >20 systolic or 10 diastolic above Tx goal includes diuretic

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7
Q

What happens upon blockage of beta-1 receptors?

A

reduce HR & renin release

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8
Q

What happens upon blocking PERIPHERAL alpha-1 receptors?

A

vasodilation & dec. peripheral resistance

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9
Q

What happens when you trigger central alpha-2 receptors?

A

reduce sympathetic outflow to the heart

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10
Q

What receptors do selective beta-blockers affect?

A

beta-1 receptors ex. metoprolol

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11
Q

What do beta-blockers w/ peripheral vasodilatory affects do?

A

adds in alpha-1 blockade effect affects nitric oxide levels

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12
Q

What are 3 beta-blockers?

A
  1. Carvedilol 2. Metoprolol 3. Nebivolol
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13
Q

Which HTN meds needs adjusted if IV/PO?

A

Beta-blockers due to hepatic metabolism metoprolol, carvedilol

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14
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A
  1. Bradycardia 2. HOTN 3. Atrioventricular nodal conduction block 4. Bronchoconstriction 5. Hypoglycemia
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15
Q

What are the ADRs of alpha blockers?

A

1st dose syncope peripheral edema orthostatic HOTN nasal congestion, HA, reflex tachycardia body may compensate for drop in BP by inc. HR, CO & fluid retention may have favorable effect on lipid profile

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16
Q

What are the ADRs of alpha stimulants?

A
  1. Dry mouth 2. Bradycardia 3. Orthostatic HOTN 4. Sedation 5. Problem w/ abrupt withdrawal life-threatening HTN crisis
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17
Q

How does minoxidil work & the ADRs?

A

direct vasodilator inc. nitric oxide levels 1. Pericarditis/pericardial effsion that could progress to tamponade 2. Inc. O2 demand & exacerbate angina 3. Na & H20 retention don’t prescribe unless 3 failed meds

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18
Q

What are the ADRs of hydralazine?

A

BP drop may cause reflex tachycardia 1. HA 2. Lupus-like syndrome short 1/2 life

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19
Q

What is a hypertensive emergency?

A

220/140 mmHg want 25% reduction w/in 3 hrs

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20
Q

What is a hypertensive urgency?

A

180/110 mmHg

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21
Q

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has acute coronary syndrome?

A
  1. Nitroglycerin 2. Nitroprusside 3. Nicardipine
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22
Q

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has acute or chronic renal failure?

A
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Labetalol 3. Nicardipine
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23
Q

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has heart failure?

A
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Nitroglycerin 3. IV loop diuretic
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24
Q

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has ischemic stroke?

A
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Nicardipine 3. Labetalol
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25
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do?

A

reduce smooth muscle contraction & reduce myocyte contraction reduce BP

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26
Q

What are the ADRs of CCBs?

A
  1. Bradycardia 2. AV block 3. Excessive HOTN 4. Dizziness 5. Peripheral edema a LOT of drug-drug interactios
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27
Q

What are the CCBs?

A
  1. Amlodipine 2. Nicardipine
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28
Q

What do ACEi’s do?

A
  1. Lower arteriolar resistance 2. Inc. venous capacity 3. Inc. CO & cardiac index, stroke work & volume 4. Lower renovascular resistance 5. Reduce the progress of diabetic nephropathy have class effect dec. cardiac mortality
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29
Q

What Pts are ACEi’s good for?

A

post-MI help prevent development of heart failure

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30
Q

What are the ADRs for ACEi?

A
  1. Cough 2. Hyperkalemia 3. Renal impairment
31
Q

Who should not use ACEi’s?

A
  1. Renal artery stenosis 2. Pregnant ladies 3. Previous angioedema assoc. w/ ACEi therapy
32
Q

What are the ACEi?

A
  1. Lisinopril 2. Captopril
33
Q

Which ARBs can be used for heart failure?

A
  1. Valsartan 2. Candesartan
34
Q

What are the ARBs?

A
  1. Valsartan 2. Losartan
35
Q

Where do renin antagonists work?

A

blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

36
Q

When are renin antagonists used?

A

Pts who benefit from an ACEi/ARB & became refractory

37
Q

140/90

A

What is the goal BP?

38
Q

CCBs & diuretics

A

Which HTN meds do black people respond to better?

39
Q

methlydopa, beta-blocker, vasodilators

A

What are the preferred meds for HTN in pregnant people?

40
Q

ACEi & ARBs also avoid in sexually active girls

A

What HTN meds should you avoid in pregnant people?

41
Q

Postural HOTN or urinary incontinence

A

You shouldn’t use alpha blockers for HTN in Pts w/??

42
Q

BP >20 systolic or 10 diastolic above Tx goal includes diuretic

A

When does JNC7 suggest using a 2 drug regimen for HTN?

43
Q

reduce HR & renin release

A

What happens upon blockage of beta-1 receptors?

44
Q

vasodilation & dec. peripheral resistance

A

What happens upon blocking PERIPHERAL alpha-1 receptors?

45
Q

reduce sympathetic outflow to the heart

A

What happens when you trigger central alpha-2 receptors?

46
Q

beta-1 receptors ex. metoprolol

A

What receptors do selective beta-blockers affect?

47
Q

adds in alpha-1 blockade effect affects nitric oxide levels

A

What do beta-blockers w/ peripheral vasodilatory affects do?

48
Q
  1. Carvedilol 2. Metoprolol 3. Nebivolol
A

What are 3 beta-blockers?

49
Q

Beta-blockers due to hepatic metabolism metoprolol, carvedilol

A

Which HTN meds needs adjusted if IV/PO?

50
Q
  1. Bradycardia 2. HOTN 3. Atrioventricular nodal conduction block 4. Bronchoconstriction 5. Hypoglycemia
A

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

51
Q

1st dose syncope peripheral edema orthostatic HOTN nasal congestion, HA, reflex tachycardia body may compensate for drop in BP by inc. HR, CO & fluid retention may have favorable effect on lipid profile

A

What are the ADRs of alpha blockers?

52
Q
  1. Dry mouth 2. Bradycardia 3. Orthostatic HOTN 4. Sedation 5. Problem w/ abrupt withdrawal life-threatening HTN crisis
A

What are the ADRs of alpha stimulants?

53
Q

direct vasodilator inc. nitric oxide levels 1. Pericarditis/pericardial effsion that could progress to tamponade 2. Inc. O2 demand & exacerbate angina 3. Na & H20 retention don’t prescribe unless 3 failed meds

A

How does minoxidil work & the ADRs?

54
Q

BP drop may cause reflex tachycardia 1. HA 2. Lupus-like syndrome short 1/2 life

A

What are the ADRs of hydralazine?

55
Q

220/140 mmHg want 25% reduction w/in 3 hrs

A

What is a hypertensive emergency?

56
Q

180/110 mmHg

A

What is a hypertensive urgency?

57
Q
  1. Nitroglycerin 2. Nitroprusside 3. Nicardipine
A

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has acute coronary syndrome?

58
Q
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Labetalol 3. Nicardipine
A

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has acute or chronic renal failure?

59
Q
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Nitroglycerin 3. IV loop diuretic
A

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has heart failure?

60
Q
  1. Nitroprusside 2. Nicardipine 3. Labetalol
A

What meds should you use in a HTN emergency if the Pt has ischemic stroke?

61
Q

reduce smooth muscle contraction & reduce myocyte contraction reduce BP

A

What do calcium channel blockers do?

62
Q
  1. Bradycardia 2. AV block 3. Excessive HOTN 4. Dizziness 5. Peripheral edema a LOT of drug-drug interactios
A

What are the ADRs of CCBs?

63
Q
  1. Amlodipine 2. Nicardipine
A

What are the CCBs?

64
Q
  1. Lower arteriolar resistance 2. Inc. venous capacity 3. Inc. CO & cardiac index, stroke work & volume 4. Lower renovascular resistance 5. Reduce the progress of diabetic nephropathy have class effect dec. cardiac mortality
A

What do ACEi’s do?

65
Q

post-MI help prevent development of heart failure

A

What Pts are ACEi’s good for?

66
Q
  1. Cough 2. Hyperkalemia 3. Renal impairment
A

What are the ADRs for ACEi?

67
Q
  1. Renal artery stenosis 2. Pregnant ladies 3. Previous angioedema assoc. w/ ACEi therapy
A

Who should not use ACEi’s?

68
Q
  1. Lisinopril 2. Captopril
A

What are the ACEi?

69
Q
  1. Valsartan 2. Candesartan
A

Which ARBs can be used for heart failure?

70
Q
  1. Valsartan 2. Losartan
A

What are the ARBs?

71
Q

blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

A

Where do renin antagonists work?

72
Q

Pts who benefit from an ACEi/ARB & became refractory

A

When are renin antagonists used?

73
Q

What are the types of CCBs?

A
  1. Dihydropyridine
  2. Phenylalkylamine
  3. Benzothiazepine

Pharmacology II (10 decks)

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