Quiz 1 Flashcards by Victoria Ellinwood

Antigens that cause disease

virus (k9 flu)
bacteria(lepto)
fungus(pneumonia)
protozoa(coccidiosis)
parasites(fleas, ticks)

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bacterial spores are

extremely resistent

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reservoir

the natural habitat of its causative agent (tetanus)

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carriers

Living reservoirs
shed organisms that cause disease
clinical vs subclinical

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source

where the disease is coming from

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latent carriers

may shed organisms intermittently in cyclic manner

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transmissibility

potential or ability for disease to spread from infected carrier to susceptible animal

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direct contact transmission

involves close approximation or direct physical contact
-veneral
-bite
-aerosol droplets
under 4ft

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indirect transmission

fomites-inanimate mode of transpertation
-hands, food dish, kennel etc
over 4 ft

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common source transmission

simultaneous exposure of # of individuals to an infectious agent.
-food source outbreaks

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airbone

spores, resistent microorganisms

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vector borne transmission

usually arthropod
externally vs internally
flies and mosquitos

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health of both humans and animals depends on

ability to control and or modify a particular disease-producing microorganisms

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sterilization

process of destroying microbes completely by chemical/ physical means
an absolute condition

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disinfection

destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms
-surgery table
usually chemical means on inanimate object

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antisepsis

destruction of microbes on the skin

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sanitation

destruction of bacterial #’s of contaminants to safe level

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physical agents

steam under pressure is more efficient way to eliminate microbes
121 degreed C at 15#/in sq for 15 min

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temp range

100.5-102.5

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dog pulse

70-160

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cat pulse

110-240 bpm

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dog respiration

10-30 breath/min

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cat respiration

20-30 breath/min

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visual sense during physical exam

thin, obese, leg dangling etc

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auditory sense during physical exam

hear coughing, wheezing, painful breathing

Oflactory sense during physical exam

ear smell, bad breath, anal glands, parvo, skin dz

tactile sense during physical exam

lump on kidney, thickened bladder, heat in joint

problem areas that need to be further evaluated

``` cardiovascular neurology musculoskeletal radiographs ultrasound CBC profile urinalysis ```

hands off

history date collection observing animal -ignore but watch

hands on

nose to tail exam | rostral to caudal

recorded observations

``` body weight temp respiratory rate heart rate mucous membrane color capillary refill time hydration status ```

how to test hydration

tent skin, if snap back=good

symmetry vs asymmetry

split animal down middle and compare sides

observe

all orifices | discharges

pyrexia

elevated temp above normal

pyrexia could be due to

pathologic (virus, bacteria, protozoa, fungus) | physiologic (exercise, increase ambient temp, inflammation)

hemoglobin

helps to make new RBC | allows Oxygen to attach to RBC to oxygenate for tissue and cellular metabolism

PCV

pack cell volume (hematocrit) RBC + plasma if high %=dehydrated, less plasma if low %=anemic, not enough RBC

WBC

warrior cells/ immune system if high=bacterial infection if low=viral infection produced in bone marrow, released in blood stream

neutrophils

``` warrior/combat segmented-differentiated/ mature band-glob of nuclei, can't do anything band low-viral band high-overwhelming bacteria ```

Lymphocytes

indicate stress, if high= cancer

monocytes

if high=chronic (had for awhile)

basinophils and eocinophils

go up and down together based on allergy or parasite

albumin

protein, low level= bleeding somewhere

urilysis

name for bladder stones

cystotomy

open up bladder

serum of hepatat

helps induce vomiting if animal swallowed foreign object

intramedullary pin

inside of bone pin | further down = more stable

gastronomy

open up stomach

when naming fractures

describe bone, placement, and type of fracture

osteomylytis

bone infection

when implanting plate

must have good alignment | at least 2 screws above and below the fracture

joint fracture surgery

use circlage wire that goes around whole bone

clampsia

low levels of calcium during birth

pica

abnormal eating habit of something inedible

t plate

used to stabilize joint | 3 screws across and below

benign

locally spread but not throughout body, can still be harmful

malignant

cancer | spreads throughout blood stream

RBC range

dog-5.5-8.5 x10^6 | cat-5-10

Hb range

dog-12-18 | cat-10-15

PCV range

dog-35-56% | cat-30-45%

WBC range

dog-6-17 x10^3 | cat-5.5-19.5

segmented neutrophils range

dog-60-77% | cat-35-75%

band neutrophils range

dogs and cats-0-3%

lymphocytes range

dog-12-30% | cat-20-55%

monocytes range

dog-3-10% | cat-1-4%

basophils range

dog and cat-0-1%

eosinophils range

dog-2-10% | cat-2-12%

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)