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Small Animal Med > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

FVRCP-C

A

Feline viral rhinotrachetis (herpes)
Calci
Panleukopenia
Chlamydia
8-10 weeks
booster at 12-14 weeks
booster yearly after

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2
Q

Feline Leukemia test

A

8-10 weeks

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3
Q

Feline leukemia vaccine

A

annoculation
8-10 weeks
booster at 12-14 weeks
booster yearly after

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4
Q

rabies

A

first inoculation repeat in a year, after that good for three years

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5
Q

fecal as needed

A

stool check for intestinal parasites

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6
Q

spay/neuter

A

when over 3 months of age

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7
Q

FIP vaccine

A

feline infectious peritonitis
endemic areas or catteries
modified live vaccine intranasal, may not be good vaccine

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8
Q

FIV vaccine

A

feline immunodeficency virus
boostered yearly

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9
Q

program

A

flea control
doesn’t kill adults
prevents eggs from hatching

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10
Q

CAPSTAR

A

kills fleas in 30 min
tablet with no pesticide residue
once daily as needed
compatible with program
safe for environment and pets

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11
Q

Adv Multi

A

heartworm
fleas
earmites
worms

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12
Q

FIP etiology

A

coronavirus
FIPV (inside lining of abdominal cavity & chest)
Peritonitis is just one form, vasculitis is key

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13
Q

FIP clinical signs

A

acute form asymptomatic
insidious onset of vague, nonspecific signs such as anorexia, depression, weight loss, fluctuating pyrexia, anemia

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14
Q

Wet/ effusive form

A

classical FIP
looks like water filled belly
vasculitis of peritoneal and pleural membranes
peritoneal effusion caused by ascites
pleural effusion
pathology:
characteristic pyogranulomatous exudate
gray-white fibrin plaques on serosal surfaces
diffuse, granular fibrin thickening over all mesothelial surfaces

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15
Q

dry/parenchymal form

A

atypical form, difficult to diagnose
about 50% dry form
effusion minimal of absent
gray-white nodular pyogranulomatous masses or inflammation with focal necrosis may affect any one or combination of organs (specific organ affected dictate clinical signs)
kidney,liver,CNS, eye, abdominal lymph nodes, or spleen

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16
Q

FIP

A

contagious viral infection
usually from 6months-2 years
characterized from insidious onset, persistent non-responsive fever, possible fluid accumulation in body cavities, mortality approaches 100%

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17
Q

clinical situation in which FIP is considered

A

ascites-abdominal fluid distension
dyspnea due to pleural effusion
lumpy enlarged kidneys
mesenteric lymphadenopathy-disease of lymph node in chest cavity
neurological signs
ocular lesions
radiographs- interstitial lung disease with chronic fever, looks like patchy fog
icterus
chronic, fluctuating non-responsive pyrexia
non-regenerative anemia (unexplained)
vomiting, diarrhea, liver or kidney insufficiency

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18
Q

FIP pathology

A

histologic lesion similar for both forms
multifocal pyogranulomatous reactions
primarily vascular disease

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19
Q

FIP diagnosis

A

no definitive FIP test
hemogram:
-nonregenerative anemia
-severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia
-neutrophilic leukocytosis
serum protein: increased total protein
increased bilirubin with sever liver involvement
radiographs: pleural or peritoneal effusion
CSF: increased protein levels and increased cell counts (neutrophils)
JUST WET FORM–fluid analysis:
>straw/golden colored
>flecks or strands fibrin
>decreased cell count
>no bacteria
serology: false positives, detects other coronavirus diseases
vaccinations cause false positives for 3 mon

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20
Q

abdominocentesis

A

abdomen removed

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21
Q

paracentesis

A

off to side

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22
Q

cystocentesis

A

bladder removed

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23
Q

treatment for FIP

A

aggressive antiinflammatory medicine
Prednisone- steroid, decrease inflammation
plus one of following:
cytoxan
alkeran
imuran
ampicillan to eliminate secondary bacteria, antibiotic b/c of immunosuppressant
interferon- drug produced by body, fight infection/cancer/virus
levamisole-dewormer, stimulates immune system
antiviral drug (ribavirin)

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24
Q

cats most likely to respond to FIP treatment if

A

good physical condition
good appetite
no CNS signs
no anemia, regenerative if have
no FeLV infection
survive 3-4 weeks after diagnosis
fatal disease

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25
FeLV etiology
RNA virus subfamily oncovirinae of family retroviridae -RNA core -reverse trancriptase enzyme- unique to FeLV, allows insertion into DNA of host cell -viral core proteins-detected by lab testing -viral envelope components-determines how much disease it can produced based on types
26
FeLV transmission
carriers for life contagious transmission requires intimate contact -primarily oronasal cotact with infectious saliva -facilitated by social behavior suck as licking, biting, grooming, sharing of food -transplacental and milkborne -blood transfusions brief encounter is of decreased importance than continuous exposure, not from one bite fomite transmission not important, wont last in environment
27
FeLV clinical signs
chronic wasting disease characterized by anemia, lethargy, and anorexia 1/3 of body weight lost
28
proliferative FeLV
uncontrolled multiplication of cells lymphoproliferative neoplasia myeloproliferative neoplasia crowd out all good cells no immune system
29
degenerative FeLV
cytopathic effects on certain cells/cell types kills cells bone marrow cells- anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia lymphocytes- T cell depletion, lymphoid atrophy, immunodeficiency intestinal cells- enteritis fetus and placenta- abortion/ stillbirths
30
immunosuppressive FeLV
"aids-like disease" profound immunodeficiency resulting in susceptibility to wide variety of opportunistic infections
31
immune-mediated FeLV
reverse of C immune complex induced or autoimmune disease
32
lymphoproliferative neoplasms classification
lymphosarcoma (LSA) solid tumor/ cancer lymphocytic leukemia- abnormal cells circulating in blood (cancer in cells)
33
alimentary LSA
causes weight loss mesenteric lymph nodes-needle ot asperate for cytology stomach- vomiting vs weight loss; biopsy intestine- diffuse infiltration of intestinal wall causing diarrhea and weight loss nodular swelling of intestinal wall causing intestinal obstruction. palpable mass, anorexia and vomiting liver- diffuse or nodular, icterus, weight loss, vomiting, and abnormal liver function tests spleen- diffuse splenomegaly
34
mediastinal LSA
thymus/mediastinal lymph node involvement (mass in chest/ lymph nodes) pleural effusion w abnormal lymphocytes-dyspnea tracheal compression causing coughing esophageal compression-regurgitation, dysphagia horner's syndrome- sympathetic nerve trunk compression, pressure on nerve to eye mass palpable at thoracic inlet- decreased compressibility; take radiographs
35
multicentric LSA
generalized involvement of external and internal lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidneys and other visceral organs
36
lymphoproliferative neoplasms treatment
euthanasia-won't suffer chemotherapy-cats don't do well immunotherapy surgery? radiation therapy (expensive) anti-retroviral drugs- future applications based on human aids research
37
myeloproliferative disorders
true leukemia- cell cancer characterized by proliferation of one or more cell lines in bone marrow abnormal cells found in peripheral blood and bone marrow no discernible tumor/ nodules seen weak immune system classified on basis of cellualr origin of abnormal cells
38
myeloproliferative disorders clinical signs
anorexia, depressions, weight loss, progressive unresponsive anemia thrombocytopenia icterus= hemobartonella which results in hemolytic anemia-> 50-70% FeLV +
39
myeloproliferative disorders diagnosis
ID of abnormal cells in blood or marrow PCV <10% #1 cause on neutropenia in cats
40
myeloproliferative disorders treatment
supportive- nutritional, fluids, blood transfusions (help extend life but not save), anabolic steroids (help build muscle mass), antibotics chemotherapy
41
FeLV induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
causes profound suppression of cat's immune system, increasing susceptibility to all types on infections most frequent & devestating consequence of FeLV, can see these secondary infections: viral-FIP, herpes fungal-cryptococcus rickettsial-hemobartonella protozoal-toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis bacterial- oral, respiratory, enteritis, cutaneous & septicemia unexplained pyrexia numerous mechanisms of FeLV immunosuppression distinctive peripheral lymph node hyperpasia, 3x normal size
42
immune-mediated disorder
any immune disease chronic progressive polyarthritis, immune mediated anemia, infertility, still birth, abortion fading kittens immune system overact and attack own cells
43
FeLV induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis
Viral isolation assay- expensive and time consuming but the best immunofluroesent antibody test ELISA test, very sensitive must be done carefully to avoid false positive bone marrow reactivation test -detects latent FeLV infection in cultured bone marrow cells -research lab= expensive and takes weeks
44
FeLV induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome antibody test
virus neutralizing antibody (VN-Ab) titer- research FeLV ab test- ELISA Anti FOCMA ab test -feline oncornavirus associated cell membrane ag
45
FeLV induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treatment
no effective treatment nonspecific immune stimulants bone marrow transplantation after whole body irradiation antiviral drugs-agents to inhibit reverse transcriptase
46
prevention and control of FeLV
prevent in individual cat= vaccinate perform FeLV test at or before 1st vaccine test and slaughter program in catteries, 2 ELISA negatives to be FeLV free
47
FIV etiology
retrovirus family , subfamily lentivirinae infection for life and very slow few cells infected, but all killed by virus newly recognized disease tropic and cytotoxic for T-lymphocytes, induces progressive and often fatal immunodeficiency
48
FIV epidemiology
found everywhere incidence: primarily intact, free-roaming male cats agre 2 mo-18 years, most less than 5 years
49
FIV transmission
found in blood and spinal fluid of infected cats, virus is shed in saliva survives poorly outside of host, readily destroyed by most disinfectants test cat if to be hospital donor
50
FIV clinical signs
stage 1: initial acute phase on infections (begins 4-6 weeks post inoculation) transient fever occurs in 33% and lasts 3-14 days neutropenia lasts 1-9 weeks generalized lympadenopathy 100% of infected cats, lasts 2-9 months occasional complications w preexisting conditions stage 2: asymptomatic latent phase of infection variable duration up to years
51
terminal phase of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
progressive weight loss chronic recurrent bacterial infections recurrent pyrexia of unknown origin generalized lymphadenopathy
52
FIV diagnosis
ELISA test for FIV ab western blot test- only available in research labs and very expensive
53
FIV treatment
none currently available
54
FIV prevention
isolate infected cats neuter males to decrease fighting and roaming prevent allowing cats to roam freely vaccination available- not core vaccine difficult to develop bc lentiviruses hide from host immune system & strain variation
55
feline toxoplasmosis etiology
toxoplasma gondii obligate intracellular protozoan parasite for which cat is definitive host which infects lost warm blooded animals as intermediate hosts
56
feline toxoplasmosis routes of infection
ingestion of infected animal tissue containing toxo cysts (birds, mice) ingestion of sporulated oocysts shed in cat feces, infectious for intermediate hosts not cats congenital (transplacental) important consideration for pregnant women, uncommon in cats, common in food producing animals
57
feline toxoplasmosis clinical signs
subclinical infection most common anorexia/lethargy nonresponsive pyrexia, often <104 F vomiting, diarrhea icterus CNS disorders myocardis abnormal enlarged lymph nodes uveitis, cloudiness, blue tint to eye
58
feline toxoplasmosis diagnosis
IgG titers, increased titer from previous exposure IgM titer- IgM toxo ab rise initally after infection and then fall off as IgG rises high Ig< liter and low/moderate IgG titer indicated active or recent infection detection of toxo tachyzoites
59
feline toxoplasmosis treatment
clindamycin (antibotic) decrease oocyst shedding and decrease clinical disease topical steroid for uveitis
60
feline toxoplasmosis prevention and control
dont feed raw meat, prevent scavenging, don't let outdoors to hunt was hands before eat, wash anything that contacts raw meat, cover sandboxes, pregnant woman dont clean litter etc
61
FPV etiology
feline panleukopenia parvovrius spread via direct contact or fomites virus extremely stable and can survive for years in the environment equivalent to canine parvo
62
FPV incubation period
varies 3-7 days course of disease rarely exceeds 5 days mortality is high, esp in young cats morbidity is also high
63
FPV clinical signs
anorexia, depression, pyrexia, persistent vomiting, diarrhea, and progressive dehydration watery, mucoid, or bloody stool sudden onset of disease
64
FPV lesions
degeneration and balooned crypts with shorted blunted, fused villi
65
FPV diagnosis
blood serum test virus isolation necropsy
66
FPV treatment
fluid replacement therapy forced alimentation to meet energy and nutritional needs antibiotic therapy to decrease secondary bacterial infection supportive- antipyretics, anti-inflammatories, analgesics
67
FPV protection
highly effective vaccine
68
Feline respiratory disease complex etiology
feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) -feline viral rhinitracheitis (FVP) -incidence-40-50% feline calicivirus (FCV) -viral pneumonia and oral ulcers (lower respiratory disease) -incidence= 40-50% chlamydia psittaci -pneumonitis, conjunctivitis, and rhinitis (inflammation of nose) -incidence= 5-10% other: reovirus (conjunctival disease) mycoplasmas (secondary invaders) Bordetella bronchiseptica canine parainfluenza virus
69
Feline respiratory disease complex transmission
aerosol- sneezing/ coughing up to 4 ft direct- less than 4 ft fomites-important mode FVP survives 18-24 hours outside host FCV very resistant- survives 8-10 days 10% bleach persistently infected subclinical carriers FVR 2/3 recovered cats are latent carriers FCV recovered carried shed for mon-years
70
FVR pathogenesis
move in eyes, nose, tracea, ocular ulcers upper airway disease herpes secondary bacterial infections may prolong/ worsen abortion and stillbirths
71
FCV pathogenesis
viral pneumonia, oral and nasal ulcers lower respiratory disease, lower airway increase lung sound one isolate causes paw and mouth disease, bad breath isolated in 80% cats with chronic ulcerative or proliferative gingivitis/ stomatitis
72
stomatitis
inflammation/ infection of tongue
73
Pneumonitis (chlamydia) pathogenesis
acute or chronic mucopurulent conjunctivitis initially unilateral then bilateral mild sneezing, coughing and occasionally pyrexia very mild subclinical pneumonia increased mucous production, discolored mucous starts in one then both
74
Feline respiratory disease complex diagnosis
clinical diagnosing viral respiratory disease, routine lab diagnostics are not helpful direct immunofluorescence smears of nasal mucosa or conjunctiva to detect virus infected cells (best for FHV/FVR) virus isolation cell culture of swabs of oropharynx, nasal cavity, or conjunctiva (best for FCV) serology use rising neutralizing ab titer in convalescent serum
75
Feline respiratory disease complex treatment
outpatient preferred to prevent infection of hospital cats clean discharges from nose and mouth nutrition and fluid intake rest and warmth (inhibits FHV replication) airway humidification antibiotics- secondary bacterial infection >amoxicillin chlamydial>tetracycline topical therapy topical eye therapy

Small Animal Med (8 decks)

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