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Small Animal Med > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

SOAP Method

A

subjective
objective
assessment
plan

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2
Q

subjective

A

client observations
opinions, concerns, requests
what their impressions are

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3
Q

objective

A

relevant history
physical exam
just facts, put down what you find

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4
Q

assessment

A

differential diagnosis (at least 5)
interpret results

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5
Q

plan

A

actions (tests) and activities (treatments)
diet, fluids, follow up care
when to come back for recheck/ progress assessment

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6
Q

problem-oriented approach

A

structural way of evaluating animals

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7
Q

POMR

A

problem-oriented medical record
encourages sound logic to evaluate patients

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8
Q

POA

A

problem oriented approach
diseases alters anatomy/physiology of animal to cause clinical signs (“problems”)
identify problems to determine why they are occurring
perform rule outs
only necessary diagnostic tests performed to eliminate the rule outs

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9
Q

4 steps to POA

A

data base collection
problem identification
plan formulation
assessment and follow up

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10
Q

DAMNIT-V

A

Degenerative
Anomaly
Metabolic
neoplastic; nutritional
inflammatory; infections; immune related
trauma; toxicity
vascular

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11
Q

data base collection

A

identify all problems will necessary information
A. complete history
most important procedure to allow correct medical problem solving
determine chief complaint
techniques of history taken
B. physical exam-takes 5-8 min
most important part of data base
diagnostic tests used to clarify P.E and move forward, use lab tests in conjuction
profile, cbc, urinalysis gives a lot of useful info

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12
Q

problem identification

A

report what you find
number problems consecutively (MPL)

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13
Q

problem

A

any abnormality requiring medical/surgical management or that interferes with quality of life

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14
Q

MPL

A

master problem list
table of contents, on front of medical chart

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15
Q

plan formation

A

problems identified, MPL is done, devise a plan
3 different components, use plan to treat the problem

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16
Q

diagnostic plan

A

formulated and written for each problem
prioritize MPL, worst problems to top
rule outs listed under each problem
diagnostic tests chosen to eliminate rule out

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17
Q

therapeutic plan

A

therapy must be initiated to resolve identified problems
as much time spent evaluating treatment as in diagnosing the underlying disease

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18
Q

client/ owner education

A

as important/ more important than what you do for the animal
give clients info about animals problems, general condition, treatment, diagnosis and prognosis

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19
Q

assessment/ follow up

A

logical approach to interpretation of other 3 steps
through written form addressing each specific problem

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20
Q

pyrexia

A

fever/ elevation of body temperature
pathologic or physiologic
normal temp from 101-102

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21
Q

intermittent

A

temp falls to normal and rises each day

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22
Q

remittent

A

temp varies but always is high

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23
Q

relapsing

A

high one day, normal >1 day then repeats

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24
Q

septic

A

large variations in temp during the day

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25
hypothalamus is
thermoregulatory center
26
heat is primarily generated by
liver's oxidation of nutrients the muscles exercise (physical activity)
27
heat is dissipated through the body via
radiation vaporization=panting convection= transfer of energy through the skin (not common)
28
compensation for increased body temp
vasoconstriction increased muscular activity
29
compensation for decreased body temp
vasodilation (sweating) panting decreased muscular activity
30
activators of fever
pyrogens
31
exogenous pyrogens
originate from outside the body bacterial endotoxins gram + bacteria virus tumors simulate endogenous
32
endogenous pyrogens
originate from within protein mediators (released from neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils) produced as a result of stimulation from exogenous pyrogens actual fever-inducing compunds
33
benefits from fever
inhibits growth of microorganisms reduces serum Fe levels so there is less available for bacterial metabolism decreases ability of bacteria to chelate Fe proteolytic enzymes released that destroy virus increase production of interferon increases leukocyte motility& phagotic activity
34
harm from fever
can harm cell metabolism not tolerated by animal very long >106 degrees
35
diagnostic plan to pyrexia
acute inflammatory pyrexia easy to diagnose and explain in p.e unexplained pyrexia (chronic inflammation) called FUO, not easily determined
36
FUO
fevers of unknown origin
37
FUO characteristics
duration of at least 2 weeks temp exceeding normal by 1.5 degrees no obvious reason
38
FUO disease category
infectious- bacterial, fungal, viral, etc immune-mediated neoplastic drug-induced
39
Things to consider with FUO
history physical exam cbc profile urinalysis
40
most common cause of FUO in cats
FIP (titer) and FeLV (test) toxoplasmosis (titer) FIV
41
hunger
craving or desire to ingest food quantity
42
appetite
hunger for a specific food quality
43
satiety
filling meal satisfied
44
hypothalamus centers for hunger and satiety
lateral hypothalamus -hunger/ feeding center -stimulation results in appetite ventromedial nuclei -satiety center (inhibits feeding center)
45
amygala
part of olfactory nervous system aroma=desire to eat odor=inappetite functions in food discrimination
46
cortical regions of limbic system
function is animal's drive to search for food when hungry
47
gastrointestinal distension
distension inhibits feeding distension >mechanoreceptors in stomach lining> nerve impulse>stimulates satiety center> inhibits feeding center overstretching abdominal cavity works similar nutritional signs from liver inhibit feeding ALL USED TO CONTROL OVEREATING
48
cephalic regulation
chewing, salivation, swallowing and tasting may also inhibit feeding center
49
anorexia
lack or disinterest in the ingestion of food absence of hunger results from many disease processes that inhibit activity in hunger center/ stimulate activity in satiety center
50
anorexia considerations
disease that involves neural control of feeding affects appetite center of hypothalamus, results in complete anorexia is destroyed fear, anxiety, depression, new environments can cause anorexia severe pain from any body part (especially intracranial) may result in anorexia
51
primary anorexia
in the brain> inhibit hunger center increased intracranial pressure (could be from head trauma) headache hypothalamic or psychologic disorders loss of smell
52
secondary anorexia
majority of cases involves areas outside the brain, affect neural and endocrine control of hunger pain-inhibits hunger center and hunger abdominal organ disorders toxic agents endocrine-hypercalcemia neoplasia infectious disease misc (cardiac failure, motion sickness etc)
53
psuedoanorexia
does not suppress desire to eat, results in inability to pick up or swallow food disorders or oral cavity (broken/ abscessed tooth, foreign body,-itis of oral organs) tetanus maxillary/ mandibular fractures blindness
54
esophagitis
inflammation/infection of esophagus
55
temporomandibular myositis
chewing difficulty
56
hypoglossal paralysis
can't use tongue
57
mandibular paralysis
can't use jaw
58
pyometra
enlargement or serosal distension
59
neoplasia
inhibits feeding regulators> trigger anorexia
60
inflammation
neural pathways to brain inhibit appetite
61
exogenous toxin
drugs, poisons
62
endogenous toxin
organ failure, endotoxin and pyrogens
63
hypercalcemia
large amount of calcium in blood which can lead to cancer
64
diagnostic plan for anorexia
history identify the underlying cause identify pseudo anorexia upon P.E B. Secondary anorexia abdominal palpation is critical through history and P.E, CBC, profile, urinalysis rule out systemic, metabolic, and endocrinologic dzs C. primary anorexia when no abnormality detected thorough neurologic exam, if normal consider psychologic disorder review through everything before confront client
65
polyphagia
ravenous appetite, consumption of food in excess or normal/ calculated intake physiologic, psychologic, or pathologic origin
66
primary polyphagia
result from directly destroying satiety center in brain stem and results in severe obesity this is rare
67
secondary polyphagia
results form diseases that create a negative caloric balance/ increased metabolic rate causes inhibition of satiety center and simulation of hunger center most common form
68
in normal animals
the accumulation of fat stores in the body tends to decrease feeding desire
69
diagnostic plan for polyphagia (Pp)
all causes result in weight gain except those with increased metabolic rates or catabolic disorders A.determine if animals weight has increase/decreased/stayed the same, if decreased consider above B. History and physical exam CBC, profile, urinalysis if there is hypoglycemia and anemia

Small Animal Med (8 decks)

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