quiz 1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
what are the critical reading strategies
- Preliminary: familiarizing yourself with the content (skimming the article)
- Comprehensive: understanding the researcher’s purpose or intent
- Analytical: understanding the parts of the study and developing a critique
- Synthesized: understanding the whole article and understanding how it fits with the cumulative body of knowledge
what is qualitative research
- a systematic, interactive research method used to describe and interpret life experiences. The emphasis is on capturing the personal perceptions of the study participants
- Used to explore personal meanings and context of an experience, culture, human patterns, and processes. Data usually consist of words or text. (personal meaning)
what is quantitative
Used to explore research questions or test hypotheses that describe phenomena, test relationships, assess differences, and try to explain cause-and-effect interactions among the variables being studied
Data usually consist of numbers and
statistical formulas.
connection b/w variables/test subjects
steps to evidence informed practice
- Critical reading
- Critical thinking
- Read widely
- Understand scientific principles.
- Be an intelligent consumer of knowledge
- Can develop evidence-informed interventions
what are the levels of evidence
- Level I: Meta-analysis, systematic review of several randomized control trials (RCTs)
- Level II: At least one randomized control trial
- Level III: Quasiexperimental study
- Level IV: Nonexperimental study Level V: Evidence from descriptive or qualitative studies
- Level VI: Evidence from a single descriptive or qualitative study
- Level VII: Evidence from the opinion of authorities or expert committee reports
what is critical thinking
The rational examination of ideas, inferences, assumptions, principles, arguments, conclusions, issues, beliefs, statements, and actions.
what is deductive reasoning & when can you use
Start with a general picture and move to a specific direction; uses two or more concepts. (QUANTITATIVE)
- During the scientific process, deductive reasoning is used to reach a logical and true conclusion
- It is when you take two true statements, or premises, to form a conclusion. For example, A is equal to B. B is also equal to C. Given those two statements, you can conclude A is equal to C using deductive reasoning.
what is inductive reasoning
Start with details of experience and move to a general picture (QUALITATIVE)
- Science also involves inductive reasoning when broad conclusions are drawn from specific observations; data leads to conclusions. If the data shows a tangible pattern, it will support a hypothesis.
what is a concept
image or symbolic representation of an abstract idea, major components of theory and convey the abstract ideas within a theory
what is a theory
set of interrelated concepts that serve the purpose of explaining or predicting phenomena.
blueprint or a written or diagrammatic depiction of both the concepts that compose a theory and how they are related
define evidence informed practice
conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence in conjunction with clinical expertise and patient values to guide health care decisions
what are the 5 components of a PICOT
- Population
- Intervention
- Comparison
- Outcome
- (T)ime
what is the Research Question Development Process
- define specific topic area.
- review the relevant literature.
- identify the potential significance to nursing.
- reflect the feasibility of studying the research
question
what is a research question
concise, interrogative statement written in the present tense and including one or more variables/concepts
what is a variable
attribute or property in which organisms vary (people, events, objects)
what is The X Factor
Independent variable (X)—the variable that has the presumed effect on the dependent variable (Y)
- It is either manipulated or not manipulated.
The Y Factor
Dependent variable (Y)—the presumed effect that varies with a change in the independent variable (X)
- It is not manipulated
what is Hypothesis
Formal statement of the expected relationship(s) between two or more variables in a specified population that suggests an answer to the research question, statement that predicts the outcomes of a study
Type of Hypothesis
Directional
* Nondirectional: States that the relationship exists, but not the direction
* Null (H0)
* Research (Scientific)
what is a nondirectional hypothesis
indicates the existence of a relationship between the variables, it does not specify the anticipated direction of the relationship. (only tell difference - not if greater or less)
directional hypothesis is
a prediction made by a researcher regarding a positive or negative change, relationship, or difference between two variables of a population.
ontology
study of being
epistemology
addresses the issue of truth
methodology
discipline - specific principles, rules, and procedures that guide research process
