Quiz 1 Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
This group of people cut the trade route, which lead to the Europeans not being happy and searching for an all water route to India and China (the Orient)
A
Turks
2
Q
Which European Country was the first one to search for an all water route to the Orient?
A
Portugal
3
Q
This war was between France and England, France ends up winning and England has a Civil War right afterwords
A
100 years war
4
Q
The Europeans didn’t like this group because they were Muslims, which led to several crusades
A
Turks
5
Q
This was when the Europeans were trying to conquer Spain from the Mooers (Muslims). The Christians wanted to push the Mooers back into Africa.
A
Reconquista
6
Q
Who proposed their plan to find an all water route to the Orient in 1492 after the Reconquista ended?
A
Colombus
7
Q
This was the first person to find an all-water route to the orient, but no one seemed to are because they thought that Colombus had already found it
A
Vasco de Gama
8
Q
Colombus tried to claim that he found an all water route to the orient which lead to what?
A
The Portuguese and the Spanish argue about what Colombus found and want to go to war
9
Q
Who doesn’t want the Portuguese and Spanish to go to war because war costs more money?
A
The Pope
10
Q
This treaty was created when the Pope drew an imaginary line for Spanish and Portuguese territory. West of the line is Spanish territory, and east of the line was Portuguese territory. Spain ended up getting the majority of the Western Hemisphere
A
Treaty of Tordesillas
11
Q
Because of this treaty, Spain was the richest and most powerful country in the Western Hemisphere
A
Treaty of Tordesillas
12
Q
The________ started exploring the new land but they found that there were already people there
A
Spanish
13
Q
What year does contact refer to?
A
1492
14
Q
The Spanish people led by _____ tried to infiltrate the western hemisphere and take over. The Aztecs were the natives and their empire was the largest empire.
A
Cortez
15
Q
The Spanish people were bringing diseases into the Western Hemisphere, and _________ was the biggest killer
A
Smallpox
16
Q
Cortez was able to conquer the Aztecs because of all of the _________ that the Spanish people brought
A
Diseases
17
Q
Spain named their new empire
A
New Spain
18
Q
Spanish motives for colonization (these were short term motives)
A
Gold, God, Glory
19
Q
Most people who came to New Spain came to get rich or get glory but they went back home within ________
A
7 years
20
Q
Only 30% of Spaniards stayed in New Spain which caused a problem which was that they needed labor. They used ________ as their labor source.
A
Natives
21
Q
The natives ended up dying too fast and the Europeans had to turn towards
A
the slave movement
22
Q
There was a split in religion after MLK posted his 95th thesis. He believed that the only way to be absolved of your sins was through attonment. Because of their disagreements, The ________ went after MLK
A
Catholic Church
23
Q
There was a religious war, and in the second quarter of the 1500s started to see the beginning of the rise of ________
A
Protestants
24
Q
England began to rise as a protestant power because they were separated from the Catholic Church. King Henry the 8th wanted to divorce his wife because she wasn’t giving him any sons. He asked the ________ for a divorce and it was denied so England split from the catholic church.
A
Pope
25
Church of England was also known as the _________
Anglican Church
26
The head of the Anglican church was called the _________
Monarch
27
Elizabeth I ruled England, and Phillip II ruled Spain. Phillip didn't like that Elizabeth was a woman, unmarried, and he didn't like her religion. Philip found out that Elizabeth was rewarding England for
Stealing Spanish ships
28
___________ are a pirate who acts like a pirate with the blessing of the government
Privateers
29
Phillip couldn't understand why the __________ kept rebelling against the Spanish rule, it turned out that Elizabeth was sending people to the Netherlands so that they could rebel against Spain
Netherlands
30
Phillip wanted to punish Elizabeth so he sent a fleet of ships over which was known as
The Spanish Armada
31
Was the Spanish armada successful?
no
32
English power began to rise and Spanish power began declining. Because the Spanish power was declining, new __________ were able to settle down and make new _________
countries, colonies
33
The first English colonies were created by
Joint stock companies, which were business ventures
34
The joint stock companies were completely independent from the
English Crown
35
the ___________ sent 104 people into the new world and created the first permanent English Colony, Jamestown in 1607 in present day Virginia
London Company
36
Most of the English people ___________, the land they chose was low lying and swampy, and you couldn't farm or build on the land. This caused people to get malraia and dysentery.
had no skills
37
in 1608 jamestown got a new leader ________ who had skills
John Smith
38
john smith put into place a policy where
if you don't work, you don't eat
39
the winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown was called the
Starving Time
40
The London company was not making any money because they had land but not enough labor. They had to think of a way to get people to come over, so they thought of the
Headright System
41
This granted people 50 acres of land for every person they brought into the new world
Headright system
42
Headright was something that only the rich could afford, so people started using __________. they would pay for them to come over for 4-7 years, and at the end of service the servant would get 1-2 acres of land
indentured servants
43
The government in Virginia was called
House of Burgesses
44
The London Company went bankrupt because too many people were dying. Virginia became a _______ in 1624 and was under the direct rule of the Crown
Royal Colony
45
The first settlers of Massachusetts was the ________ and they came on the Mayflower. they were not a joint stock company, they were just people who were angry and wanted to get out of England. They "got lost" because they didn't want to go to Virgina
Pilgrims
46
The ________ was seeking religious freedom, the Puritans came with this group as well
Massachusets Bay Company
47
English motives for colonization
Money
Land
Religion
48
The Puritans came to Massachusetts because James I and Charles I were pro catholic which was an issue because the main religion in England was Anglican. They tried to trend England back to ________. They ruled by divine right which meant that the only person they answered to was God.
Catholic
49
The upper house of Parliment was called the house of the ________ the lower house was called the house of the _______
Lords, Commons
50
Puritans were the majority party in the house of _______, they wanted to purify the Anglican church of Catholicism
commons
51
Charles I got mad and marched his troops into Parliment and disbanded it for 11 years. This caused the _______ to leave in large numbers to seek religious freedom
Puritans
52
________ means that the King cannot raise large sums of money without the consent of Parliment and because the Puritans controlled the House of Commons, they would block any laws regarding religion
Magna Carta
53
John Winthrop was the first governor of Massachusets and he wanted the Puritans to create a perfect society that everyone could look up to. This was a ________, which meant no separation of church and state
Theocracy
54
This was followed in all of the English colonies and it meant that the eldest son inherited all of the father's wealth
primogeniture
55
the _______ did not follow primogeniture, which meant that all of the sons got wealth split equally. The fathers wanted control over their sons and they wanted their families to stay together. As a result, the sons were getting married later.
Puritans
56
In _________, most people were coming over as families, so schools had to be created.
Massachusetts
57
The colonists started to encroach upon ________ land which led to wars
Native American
58
the ________ war in 1637 was when the Natives were completely annihilated
Pequot
59
The biggest war was ___________, Metacon was the chief of the Wampanoags. The Europeans gave the Natives European names which is why they named Metacon Philip as a way of disrespecting him
King Phillip's war
60
In King Phillip's war, ________ created a huge alliance with the other tribes. They were successful at first because they wiped out people, but they didn't have enough food and water in the winter so the English were able to fight back and they chopped his head off
Metachon
61
It took the Puritans 40 years to recover from the war population wise, but after King Phillip's war, it was the end of the ____________
Native American resistance in New England.
62
One of three things had happened to the Native Americans in New England:
Dead, Moved, Assimilated
63
the ___________ was the exchanged of people, plants, and animals between Europe, Africa and America
Columbian Exchange
64
________ introduced things such as coffee, sugar cane, Animals (cow, sheep, pig, horse, chicken), wheat, rice, barley, diseases (the biggest one being smallpox)
Europeans
65
the ________ introduced things such as potatoes and corn
Natives
66
Approximately how many enslaved people were brought from the Western Hemisphere to the United States in a 300 year period?
between 10-13 million people
67
The _________ were selling Africans to the Europans, the slaves were victims of warfare meaning one tribe would capture another and bring them to the coast and sell them
Africans
68
the Portugese started the slave trade, then the Dutch, and finally the _________
English
69
Europeans would trade goods (mainly firearms) for _________
slaves
70
Slaves were kept on the cargo area on the ship on the passage to the _____________, Temps could reach 100-130 degrees. Many slaves died.
New World
71
When slaves were taken to the Caribbean, it was called __________. They were sold in an auction and then taken to their final destination.
Seasoning
72
_____________ were the biggest consumer of slaves. The average life expectancy of someone on this plantation was 18 months because it was cheaper to buy a new slave than to take care of them
Sugar Plantations
73
Most of the slaves went to _________, 1.5-2 million brought to today's United States
South America or the Caribbean
74
only rich people had slaves because they were so expensive. There were three types of slaves:
skilled slaves, who were treated much better because they were rented out, house slaves, and field slaves
75
slaves lived under ________, which were rules based on what colony they lived in
slave codes
76
___________ stopped becoming as popular after headright ended.
Indentured servants
77
indentured servants started growing _________ which became problematic because everyone was growing tobacco
Tobacco
78
_____________ began to alter the contracts of the indentured servants and gave them donkeys instead because they didn't want them to have land
plantation owners
79
Indentured servants were mad and they began to rebel against the government and this was called
Bacon's rebellion
80
Bacon's rebellion took place in Virginia. Freed indentured servants rebelled against the government and they were led by ___________, a plantation owner who felt bad for the servants.
Nathanial Bacon
81
______________ revealed a problem with using indentured servants, if you don't give them land, they might rebel and if you do give them land they have more of a voice and they're also competition
bacon's rebellion
82
French colonists settled in present-day Quebec, they respected the_________more than anyone else. they didn't try to force them to convert.
Natives
83
The primary occupation of most people in the world was __________, the growing season in Canada was shorter, they only got one crop
farmers
84
The people in Canada had to make money by ____________. The people who lived in Canada didn't want a large population because it would push the animals further and further away
fur trading
85
The French had a large religious minority which was called the ____________. They were not allowed to flee to New France because King Louis had kicked them out of France and all French colonies.
Huguenots
86
the __________ settled in New Netherland (current day New York and New Jersey), the capital was called New Amsterdam (known as NYC today)
Dutch
87
the dutch were a small colony and they had a terrible relationship with the _________.
Natives
88
the __________ hated the Dutch colony.
English
89
the Dutch controlled slave trade and the English wanted the money so this caused the ____________. England won and took control of New Netherland and named everything that it is currently named. They also took control over the slave trade
Dutch War
90
Maryland was founded by what religious minority?
Catholics
91
The _______ people mainly settled in present day south jersey, they were a very small colony
Sweedish
92
_______ was where rice and indigo grew, and it was where the British Empire ended
South Carolina
93
______________ was the prison colony of the British Empire. The British emptied their prison and it also served as a buffer from SC and the Spanish who were in Florida. The British didn't care what happened to the prisoners
Georgia
94
____________ was founded by William Penn. He brought the Quakers with him who believed that everyone was equal because they had a piece of God in them. They were very vocal about being against slavery, and had a good relationship with the natives.
Pennsylvania
95
A new group came to PA and disrupted the harmony. They were called __________, but they were actually Germans
Pennsylvania Dutch
96
The French and Indian War started because of __________
George washington
97
During the french and Indian war they were fighting in three different places. The treaty that ended this war was _________
The Treaty of Paris in 1763
98
After the French and Indian War, ___________ received Canada, all land east of the Mississippi river, India, and most of France's new colonies in the Carribbean
England
99
England had lots of debt from the war, and they turned their attention to the ___________ to help them pay the debt
American colonies
100
___________ was uninvolved with the colonies until they needed help paying debt
Parliment
101
____________ stated that colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains. However the colonies ignored this
Proclamation of 1763
102
__________ taxed all paper items in the colonies. The colonial reaction was that they weren't allowed to be taxed without representation. However parliament argued that the colonies had virtual representation, which meant that the colonies were considered in parliment.
The Stamp Act of 1765
103
Because of the stamp act, the ________ attacked the tax collectors, beat them, tarred and feathered them. Parliament then repealed the act in 1766.
Colonists
104
____________was a tax on goods brought into colonies, also known as a tariff. They taxed things such as lead, glass, paint, paper, and tea. The colonists were angry about this and boycotted those goods
The Townshend Acts of 1767
105
The ____________ granted two privileges to the East India Company which were that they could ship it's tea directly to the colonies, and they could sell tea through their own agents. This resulted in their tea being a low price. However, the colonists still did not want to buy their tea because of the Townshend acts.
Tea Act of 1773
106
The ____________ happened in Massachusetts, and was led by Samual Adams. Colonists went on the EIC ships and threw 342 crates of tea into the harbor. The tea was worth 10K pounds (3.5 million today)
Boston Tea Party
107
the _______ acts were only applied to Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party. The port of Boston was closed until they could pay for the tea that they destroyed, they had no legislative power, and they received a new governor, Thomas Gage, who put them under military control
Coercive (Intolerable) Acts of 1774
108
__________ thought that by punishing Massachusetts, they could keep the other colonies in line but it did not work
Parliament
109
the ________ was held in September of 1774. The colonies had not interacted with each other before this. The colonies agreed to stick together and they sent weapons to Massachusetts for protection.
First Continental congress
110
The ________ were stored in Concord, Massachusets and General Gage found them and wanted to capture them which lead to the first battle of the American Revolution
Weapons
111
the _________ was the first battle of the American Revolution. Paul Revere warned the colonists that the British were coming so they hid the weapons again.
Battle of Lexington and Concord
112
the _________ was when the colonists created the continental army and chose George Washington as their leader
Second continental congress
113
the _______ was the second battle of the American revolution where GW had not arrived yet. The British lost more men than ever because they charged right at the colonists.
Battle of Bunker Hill
114
At first the Americans were fighting for change, but then they decided that they wanted freedom. This was because of the pamphlet called ____________ by Thomas Paine. He stated that it was common sense that the colonies should want independece
Common Sense
115
the ___________ was written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. Ben Franklin and John Adams also helped. It was inspired by John Locke, a British Philosopher
Declaration of Independence
116
The British had gone to _______ but they came back to NYC. There were several battles in NYC and GW kept retreating because he was losing. His army had grown very small
Canada
117
The British were tired of fighting so they went into winter quarters. Typically, battles did not occur during the _________ which was April-November
Campaign season
118
GW did not have a choice to go into winter quarters because American morale was so low so he needed a victory. His army crossed the ________ on Christmas Eve and attacked the British in Trenton, NJ
Delaware River
119
The Hessians, who were ________ were in Trenton NJ and they did not suspect that the colonists were coming. GW captured most of them and this victory allowed the American morale to come back
German troops hired to fight for the british
120
The British had two armies in North America, in ________ and _________. The British plan was to cut the colonies along the Hudson river.
Canada, NYC
121
The revolution had begun in Massachusets, the British believed that it was the _______of the revolution
hot bed
122
Howe's army in _______ thought that they could split the colonies themselves, and they targeted Philly. However, this did not cause the devastation that the British thought it would cause
NYC
123
GW's army went to ____________ in the winter where they received proper training.
Valley Forge
124
The British army in ___________ was led by John Burgoyne, and he thought they could take all of NY. Horatio Gates led the army in NY for the colonies
Canada
125
The Colonies didn't know linear warfare so they used ____________ warfare. They were using "Indian tactics". The British army came down through the roads and they were vulnerable so their army was so weak by the end of the summer
Guerilla (irregular) warfare
126
The ____________ were the turning point of the revolution. The United States received foreign aid because of the American victories
Battles of Saratoga
127
France decided to help the US because they hated the British. This was called the ______________. The French loaned the US money and weapons, and they sent over part of their army and navy. Without the aid of the Europeans, the Americans would not have won
Treaty of Alliance 1778.
128
____________ and ____________ also allied with the US
Spain and Netherlands
129
The British in the South realized that __________ was not a good place to take over. They eventually evacuated and went back to NYC.
Philly
130
The British believed that there were more loyalists in the South. They campaigned through NC and SC and eventually got to VA. The __________attacked the British as they came through. The Americans and Allies realized that if they moved quickly, they could capture the British army.
Colonists
131
The colonists trapped the British army at ____________. The British army was led by Cornwallis, and the army surrendered on October 19th, 1781. This battle was the last of the major battles in the revolution
Yorktown
132
The treaty that ended the war was the __________. This meant that the British recognized American Independence. The US received all land east of the Mississippi land except FL (The Spanish were in FL)
Treaty of Paris 1783
133
The _________ were a weak form of government, much of the power rested in the hands of the states.
Articles of Confederation
134
The ____________ government had the power to conduct foreign relations, conduct warm and issue money
Confederation
135
The confederation government would ask the states for money, but the states would only give about 15%. The government was also printing too much money which led to _____________.
inflation
136
a dollar was referred to as a ______________. It did not have the power to tax or draft troops. The Confederation government could not pay it's debts, especially the money owed to France, the Netherlands, and Spain
continental
137
Each state in the Confederation government had ________ vote. Most bills in Congress required _________ votes to pass.
One, nine
138
To make amendments (changes) to the Articles of Confederation, _____________ states had to approve
all thirteen
139
The __________ created the structure for new states to come into the Union
Northwest Ordinance
140
Once a colony reached a minimum white male population of 60,000, they could apply for admission to ____________
the Union as a state.
141
The NW Ordinance also created the ___________, which was all of the land north of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River
Northwest Territory
142
The NWO also granted freedom of religion and trial by jury to people in the territory. It stated that there was to be no slavery ___________
above the Ohio River
143
___________ was dying because people were not growing tobacco. Farmers started growing food crops and they didn't need as many slaves.
Slavery
144
_____________ Rebellion was a farmer revolt in Massachusetts. The Confederation government could not send troops to put down, so Massachusetts had to stop rebellion with state troops
Shay's Rebellion 1786
145
Shay's rebellion demonstrated the fundamental weakness of the ___________ and convinced leaders in the country that more power needed to be given to the government
Confederation government
146
Gw and other leaders decided to get together in the summer of 1787 in __________ to talk about making changes to the Confederation government
Philly
147
the Constitutional convention took place in Philly. 55 men were present, representing how many colonies?
12/13, no RI
148
George Washington and other leaders decided to get together in the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia and talk about making changes to the _________________
Confederation government
149
The Virginia delegation proposed their plan Virginia Plan - at the beginning of the Convention. It was proposed by ___________ and was basically proposing an entirely new form of government.
James Madison
150
The ___________ Called for the creation of a national government consisting of an executive, legislative, and judicial branch. Called for a two-house legislature. In the lower house, representation would be determined by a state’s population. In the upper house, representatives would be chosen by members of the lower house
Virginia plan
151
Smaller states did not like the Virginia plan so they created the small State plan, or the ____________.
New Jersey Plan
152
the ___________ plan was proposed by William Patterson. It proposed a three-branch government, giving the government the power to tax and draft troops. It proposed keeping the one-house legislature
New Jersey Plan
153
the government debated over which plan to use. They also debated over how _____________ people would be counted. The debate got so heated that representatives went home.
enslaved
154
By July 2nd, ____________ realized that the Convention was falling apart and there was a very large chance it would dissolve. Washington created a committee to come up with a compromise between Virginia and New Jersey plans and how enslaved people would be counted toward population
GW
155
the _______________Agreed to a three-branch government. it agreed to give the government the power to tax and draft troops, and it agreed to a two house legislature. In the lower house, representation would be based on a state’s population. In the upper house, each state would have equal representation (two senators per state)
Great Compromise
156
the ___________ meant that three-fifths of enslaved people would count toward the population. The constitution signed on September 17th, 1787. It was signed by thirty-nine remaining men. before they left, they agreed that the new Constitution would come into affect after nine of the thirteen states ratified it
Three-fifths compromise
157
the constitution was sent to the states to vote on it. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware, the 9th state to ratify the constitution was Delaware. Still four holdouts:
RI, NC, VA, NY
158
the country was split by _________ and ___________
federalists, antifederalists
159
this group of people opposed the constitution and were mainly in NY and VA
antifederalists
160
This group of people supported the constitution
federalists
161
the votes in VA and NY were close, but the new constitution eventually passed. The new government came into effect and _____________ was the first president
GW
