Quiz 4 Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
during 1919-1921, the economy ____________ due to the ending of the war. Unemployment spiked to _________.
A
slowed down, 11%
2
Q
from 1922-1929, the economy ____________. There was no _________ People were buying lots of large items such as appliances and cars using credit
A
boomed, inflation
3
Q
___________ had a stroke during his last year of Presidency, which severely impaired him. Historians believe that his wife ran the country
A
Woodrow Wilson
4
Q
Republicans were starting to question why __________ wasn’t there. His wife invited republican senators over and put on a show to trick them into thinking that he was fine
A
Wilson
5
Q
____________ was one of the worst presidents in history because he didn’t take the job seriously. He was always drinking and partying
A
Warren G Harding
6
Q
The battle of the __________ was the last ditch effort for the Germans in Europe because they were caught in a vice between the Americans and the British
A
Bulge
7
Q
The biggest scandal of Harding’s term was called the __________ Secretary of the Interior (Albert Fall) was in charge of oil reserves. He allowed private oil company called __________ to drill on the government’s property for oil for $500,000. Congress finds out and sends him to jail
A
Teapot Dome Scandal, mammoth oil
8
Q
After the teapot dome scandal, Harding’s popularity was already ________ but he still wanted to run for office again but he died suddenly
A
low
9
Q
____________ was seen as one of the best presidents
A
Calvin Coolidge
10
Q
_____________ was regarded as one of the best candidates, but was not a good president
A
Herbert Hoover
11
Q
______________
Believed that African Americans would never be perceived as equals. He was an immigrant from Jamacia
He said the best thing for black people to do is to separate themselves from white people
A
Marcus Garvey
12
Q
Garvey created the ___________. he purpose was to give funding to help black people start African American stores so that they could create a self-sufficient community
A
Universal Negro Improvement Association
13
Q
the ____________’s purpose was to was to take African Americans back to Africa. However The federal government wanted to ________ Garvey, He ended up being charged with mail fraud and this caused them to deport him back to Jamacia
A
Black Star Line, silence
14
Q
the __________ Act Capped immigration at 150,000 per year. It also prohibited all Asian immigration.
Large numbers of ________, _________, and _________ people had been coming in and the Americans didn’t like that because it threatened the “purity” of the country
A
National Origins, Catholic, Jewish, and Orthodox
15
Q
The __________ trial was in Dayton Tennesse, and it was because ___________ was illegal to teach in schools. He decided to teach evolution in schools and was prosecuted. The prosecution won the case. This case was important because it heightens the argument over academic freedom
A
Scopes, Evolution
16
Q
The _____________ crashed on October 29th, 1929, but there were underlying weaknesses of the economy before the Great Depression.
A
Stock Market
17
Q
In 1928, the unemployment rate was ________, in 1929 before the stock market crashed, the unemployment rate was ________
A
2.1%, 3.2%
18
Q
People started being cautious because they saw that people were getting laid off. They also started putting more money in _________.
A
banks
19
Q
Banks began to lose money because the money was not coming back
Before the market __________, banks becomes much more stingy about giving out loans because they have __________
A
collapsed, less money
20
Q
Before the stock market collapsed, you could buy stock on _________. You would pay _______% of the stock when you bought it. The purchase would not become final until _____. People bought stock and lost everything when the market collapsed
A
Margin, 10, 3 days
21
Q
Banks had to close because they had _________. People were rushing to the banks to get their money back. Money wasn’t insured. 9000 banks closed
A
no money
22
Q
in 1933, the unemployment rate was _______. For African Americans it was _______.
A
25%, 45%.
23
Q
There were so many homeless people that they started creating towns called _____________.
A
Hoovervilles
24
Q
Herbert Hoover didn’t acknowledge that the great depression was happening at first, he claimed that the economy was_________. He urged Americans to help each other, but this didn’t work because Americans were scared for their own jobs
A
adjusting itself
25
the ________ tariff of 1930 Raised tariff rates, causing other countries to ________ their tariffs
This would normally work, but it was not a textbook economic crisis
This stifled world trade by creating a __________ . In reality, the US should have lowered the tariffs so that people could afford them
Hawley Smoot, tarriff war
26
Hoover encouraged the __________ to raise interest rates, which was the opposite of what he should have done. He told them this because he was worried that encouraging lending would have led to even more bank closures. This actually put a __________ on the banks because he was discouraging Americans to buy stuff
Federal Reserve, stranglehold
27
the _____________ of 1932 allowed Federal government to make low interest loans available to to the biggest companies. These big companies were to use the loans to hire people and help the ___________ and get money flowing through the economy
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, common people
28
Hoover only had a small amount of money to throw into the economy because he didn’t want to run the country in _______.
Not very much money was trickled down to the bottom and the economy was not ________
debt, stimulated
29
The _________ of 1932 was created because __________ were supposed to get a war bonus in 1945, but they wanted their bonus then and there. They descended on the White House to try and get an early bonus
Bonus Army, War Veterans
30
Hoover didn't want to give the veterans money, so he _________. The veterans don’t leave because they have nowhere else to go Hoover thinks these people are making them look bad so he called the military in and ________ the veterans, three ended up dying
rejected the bill, forcibly remove,
31
The New Deal focused on three things:
Relief
Recovery
Reform
32
FDR created a _________ from March 6th-10th, 1933. During this time, the ______________ analyzed the banks and choose which ones would reopen
When the banks reopened, the system was healthier
Bank Holiday, Federal Reserve
33
FDR also created the _______________, which would insure deposits up to 500K.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corparation
34
The _____________ Program was a series of programs, laws, and bills passed to help reform the country during the Great Depression
Alphabet Soup
35
The ______________wanted to get young people off the streets
Employed young men ages 15-19 who worked in conservation
Men lived in __________ and made $30 a month, but they had to send $25 home to their families becuase the men were already taken care of
Civillian Conservation Corps, Military camps
36
The ____________ would pay farmers to not farm and keep their fields dormant in order to control the amount of crops that were grown. Overproducing goods ______ the economy because there would be too much of supply
Agricultural Adjustment Administration, hurts
37
The _______________ Created jobs that would build things like jobs, bridges, etc These were project jobs, not full time jobs
These jobs gave people hope, even if they weren’t __________
Public Works Administration, permanent
38
The area around the Tensesse River was the most _________ area
Only 2% of people in this area had electricity. Government built hydro electric damns, which was cheap electricity. This encouraged people and businesses to move into the area. This was called the _____________.
depressed, tennesse valley authority
39
the ___________ regulated the stock market
Securities exchange commission
40
The ____________ gave low interest loans to first time home buyers. It employs thousands of people
Federal Housing Administration
41
The main policy in the second new deal was the ________________, which lasted for 8 years and employed 9 million people
Works Progress Administration
42
The Social Security Act was created in __________.
1935
43
In the election of 1936, FDR wins again because of the alphabet soup programs that allowed _____________ to have jobs.
African Americans
44
After the _______ amendment, Inauguration day was on January 20th instead of March
20th
45
The ___________ of 1937 was when FDR wanted to expand the size of the Supreme Court from 9 to 15 members. However, Congress believed that doing this would set a dangerous precedent because ____________ was on the rise.
Court Packing, totalitarianism
46
The main policy in the third new deal was the ___________. FDR proposed a 40-cent minimum wage and a 40-hour maximum workweek, but the bill that passed was a 25-cent minimum wage and a 44-hour maximum workweek.
Fair Labor Standards Act
47
The two main things that FDR focused on regarding foreign policy were ___________ and ____________.
Neutrality and Isolation
48
The __________ would only come into effect when FDR announced that there was a state of war
Neutrality Acts
49
The Neutrality Act of 1935 was when it was prohibited US from trading ________ to any belligerent power (any country at war)
weapons
50
the Neutrality Act of 1936
prohibited the US from making _______ to any belligerent power
loans
51
The Neutrality Act of 1937
Prohibited Americans from ___________ owned by any belligerent power
sailing on ships
52
WWII started when Germany invaded ____________. FDR acknowledges that war existed between Germany and Britain and France. Britain and France began to send ___________ to the US because they needed supplies
The US could not fill these because of the neutrality acts
Poland, war orders
53
FDR realized that filling the war orders would employ lots of Americans so he decided to have congress create the _______________.
Neutrality Act of 1939
54
The neutrality act of 1939 was also called ___________ and __________. It stated that any country can purchase weapons from the US, but they have to use cash and carry the goods back on their own ships
Cash and Carry
55
The cash and carry act brought the US out of the Great Depression because Americans were able to go back to work. Due to the cash, the economy was ____________ again
FDR knew that Germans would not be able to buy weapons because they didn’t have a large enough Navy. The US was still neutral at this point
stimulated
56
Germany invaded France, and Great Britain was the only country in Europe left. GB was running out of money
____________ told FDR to make changes to cash and carry because they couldn’t pay for the materials anymore
Winston Churchill
57
FDR creates the ____________, which Allows the US to give weapons to any country that was a “victim of aggression”. Essentially this meant Nazi aggression. $50 billion of materials were sent over
Lend Lease of 1941
58
After making the Lend Lease of 1941, the The US still wanted to remain neutral. However When Hilter found out, he referred to the US as the _______________. Germans invaded the Soviet Union and the US sent weapons to them. After this, Hilter agreed to the authorization of sinking of the US ships
Aresenal for democracy
59
The bombing of __________ led to the US entering the European theater of the war.
Pearl Harbour
60
The Americans landed in West Africa. Germans and British were fighting in Northern Africa because they wanted the ___________ in Egypt, because it was the easiest way to get to India, the most lucrative colony. This would have hindered Britain. The Suez Canal would also open up the Middle East and allow them to have oil
Suez Canal
61
________ was when the Americans, British, and Canadians invaded Normandy (In France)
250,000 men were transported and attacked five beaches
The beaches ended up being linked together
D-Day
62
Hitler kills himself when the ___________ began to get too close. A week later, the _________ surrendered.
Russians, Germans
63
the League of Nations was replaced by the ____________. The League of Nations was originally envisioned by Wilson that the world would work together but this didn’t work. The US never ended up joining because the treaty was not passed in the US
United Nations
64
The ___________ included
US, Britain, France Soviet Union, China. It had more power than the League of Nations. The goal was to prevent world conflict.
United Nations
65
War in Asia started in 1937 when the Japanese invaded ________. The Japanese believed that they were the best of the Asian people.
China
66
The _________ were enslaving Koreans, Women were taken to satisfy the sexual desires of the men in the army
The Japanese then decided to take the capital of China, _________
Japanese, Nanking
67
In Nanking, 600,000 people there originally
Japanese leaders wanted to harden their soldiers
For ______ weeks, the soldiers killed _______ the people in the city
six, half
68
The Japanese did more than just kill the people in Nanking. They would play games to see who could kill the __________
They would set buildings on fire with people in them They started going door to door and _______ females and then killing them
most people, raping
69
Historians believe that the reason that people didn’t know about Nanking was that people felt bad for the Japanese people because of the _________ being dropped on Japan
atomic bombs
70
the Japanese created a territory called ___________, which is present-day Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. After this, the US issued an ________ against Japan. The US stopped selling scrap iron and aviation fuel
French Indochina, Embargo
71
All of the materials that the Japanese islands needed were _______. The US also stopped the sale of _______ to try to prevent Japan from expanding. They were essentially trying to stop them without fighting The US said they would trade again if the Japanese stopped fighting and left French Indochina
depleted, oil
72
Japanese decided to expand the war instead to get their materials They declared war on the _______ and _____________
US and Great Britain
73
Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941 They wanted to be _________ successful and accomplish three things
Destroy US ________
Destroy ________in Hawaii
Destroy dock facilities and oil supply at ________-
100%, fleet, aircrafts, Pearl Harbor
74
The Japanese chose Sunday as the day to attack because Saturday was Shore Leave when soldiers would go out and get back late. Sunday was the most __________. Japanese didn’t want Pearl Harbor to be a ___________.
vulnerable, sneak attack
75
The Japanese sent a ___________ to the US but they didn’t anticipate how long it would take for the US to decode the message. By the time the message was decoded, the attack on Pearl Harbor was___________. Americans didn’t believe that the Japanese would go for Pearl Harbor, and it didn’t say anywhere in the message that the Japanese were attacking Pearl Harbor
coded message, already over
76
After Pearl Harbor, US declares war on Japan. A week later, _________ declared war on the US
Conspiracy theorists think that FDR allowed Pearl Harbor to be attacked so that the US could enter the war, but there was no evidence of this
Germany,
77
At Pearl Harbor, the Japanese wanted the __________, but they weren't there. They attacked all of the __________ instead
aircraft carriers, battleships
78
The turning point of the Pacific theater of WWII was the _____________. The Japanese wanted to take Midway Island as a staging ground to either take over Hawaii or Alaska.
Battle of Midway
79
Before the battle of midway, Americans knew that the Japanese were coming, but the Japanese didn’t realize that the Americans were coming. When the Japanese arrived on the islands, and the Americans _______________. The Japanese did not have the means to produce more aircraft carriers, so this was detrimental to them
dropped bombs on them
80
The Americans began ___________ to get closer to the Japanese mainland. They retaken the Mariana Islands, which were very close to Japan.
Americans invade the island of ___________ island so that they can have a spot for emergency landing, and wiped out the Japanese
island hopping, Iwo Jima
81
At the battle of Iwo Jima, The Americans realized that the Japanese were underneath them and were_____________because they would rather die than surrender. Americans lost a lot of people in this battle. The closer the Americans got, the bloodier the war got
blowing themselves up
82
____________ was the southernmost Japanese island. The Japanese are very desperate at this point. Most of the soldiers died, __________ died as well. Japanese used civilians as a shield because they knew that Americans wouldn’t fire at them
Okinawa, civillians
83
The Japanese had been telling the citizens that the Americans were horrible people who would do terrible things to them
Japanese citizens started killing themselves because they didn’t want to live. They also started using ____________ which were Japanese suicide planes that were designed to crash into American ships
kamikazes
84
____________ was the new president, he had to decide if he would authorize an invasion of Japan. It was estimated that 1 million men would die if this happened
The other option was the ____________ which was building the atomic bomb
Harry Truman, Manhattan project
85
the ___________ was when Truman tried to get the unconditional surrender of the Japanese. They responded with silence, which Truman interpreted as the Japanese declining
Potsdam Proclamation
86
The two atomic bombs were dropped in __________ and __________ on August 6th and 9th, 1945. After this, the Japanese military still wanted to fight, but the Emperor urged them to surrender
Hiroshima, Nagasaki
87
The peace treaty was originally supposed to be signed on the USS ___________ but Truman sent it away so that it could be signed on the USS _____________, where Truman was originally from
New Jersey, Missouri
88
After the war, there was an executive order to send all Japanese Americans to ___________, because the Americans were worried that the Japanese Americans were going to turn on them. Americans eventually apologized and gave everyone in the camps $20,000 forty years later
Internment Camos
89
___________ which also had a communist government, did not fall under direct Soviet influence.
It was led by_________until 1980
Tito frequently quarreled with Stalin
Yugoslavia, Tito
90
At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union installed communist governments in Eastern European countries, such as Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania.
______________ was the last Eastern European country to install a communist government in 1948.
Czechoslovakia
91
After World War II, Germany was divided into four parts, as was the city of Berlin. _______, _______, _______, and __________ each received a section of Germany. The British, French, and Americans wanted to eventually re-unite Germany, but the Soviets were determined to keep Germany divided.
This started tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
Britain, France, US, and Soviet
92
The ____________ was the plan to rebuild Western Europe. The Soviet Union delayed this process hoping that communism could spread into Western Europe. The United States decided to fund the rebuilding of Western Europe and spent $12.5 Billion over four years This plan is credited with keeping a numberof Western European countries, particularly __________ and _________ from becoming communist.
Marshall Plan, France and Italy
93
Greece and Turkey also needed aid after World War II
In a speech to Congress, President Harry Truman asked for $400 Million in aid to give to Greece and Turkey to prevent the communists from ___________
gaining control in those countries
94
The president also stated his policy for preventing the expansion of communism, which was called “containment.”
This became the policy of all of the ______________ Their goal was to keep communism from expanding into any new areas in the world.
Presidents of the cold war
95
The United States decided to airlift supplies to the British, French, and American sections of Berlin, rather than go to war over the territory.
This became a test of wills between the two superpowers.
In 1949, the Soviets lifted the _________ on Berlin.
In that same year, Germany permanently divided into West Germany (_____________) and East Germany (____________), and remained like this until 1990.
blockade Deomcratic, communist
96
Germany, and the city of Berlin, was still divided in 1948.
The Soviet Union decided to cut off access to the city of_________ which sat inside of the Soviet sector of Germany, from the other sections of Germany. The Soviets hoped to take all of Berlin.
Berlin
97
In 1949, the Soviet Union tested the _____________ The Soviets had spies in the United States and learned how to develop this weapon.
In 1952, the United States tested the ___________, a bomb more powerful than the atomic bomb.
In 1953, the Soviet Union tested its own ____________. Both countries began stockpiling a huge nuclear arsenal over the next few decades, which started the “arms race.”
atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb,
98
After World War II, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel. North Korea was ___________ and South Korea was ____________.
On June 25, 1950, North Korea suddenly attacked South Korea.
The North Koreans pushed the South Koreans down the peninsula to a little pocket around the city of _________.
communist, democratic, Pusan
99
The Americans pushed the North Korea army up the peninsula toward the Chinese border over the next two months. Suddenly, the __________ launched an attack across the border and smashed into the American army. The Americans withdrew down the peninsula, and the line stabilized by the beginning of 1951 around the _____________.
Chinese, 38th parallel
100
The lines in North Korea remained in this area for the next two years.
An __________ was agreed to on July 27, 1953, which ended the fighting in Korea. The country remains divided at the 38th parallel and no peace treaty was ever signed.
armistice
101
__________
Created superhighways. He also poured money into the military. Soviet Union surpassed the US and launched ________ (the first satellite) into space, and now Americans were mad that Russia was able to do this. Americans started pouring money into science and math
Russia launched another space satellite which led to the creation of NASA
Dwight D. Eisenhower, Sputnik I
102
The United States found out that Russia was building missile bases in ________. The US imposed a naval quarantine (blockade) of Cuba
Russians were sending more ships to complete the construction
This led to a _________ which lasted for six long days. Both sides agreed to back off.US agreed to not invade Cuba. Russia agreed to dismantle missile bases
Cuba, standooff
103
____________ created the
Civil Rights Act 1964, which ended segregation and Jim Crow Laws. He also made the Voting Rights Act 1965, which ended voting restrictions
Lyndon B Johnson
