Quiz 1

Question 1

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 1

sensory and motor nerves outside of the brain and spinal chord/ CNS

Question 2

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 2

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart, intestines and other organs; involuntary

Question 3

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 3

nerves that facilitate vegetative, nonemergency responses by the body’s organs; “rest + digest”

Question 4

Central Nervous System

Answer 4

the brain and the spinal chord w/ the retina of the human eye

Question 5

Hypothalamus

Answer 5

small area near the base of the brain, ventral (under) to the thalamus; regulates endocrine system & controls most vital functions (sleep, HR, eating, etc.)

Question 6

Nerve

Answer 6

A set of axons in the periphery, either from the CNS to a muscle or gland from a sensory organ to the CNS

Question 7

Clinical Neuroscience

Answer 7

the study of brain and nervous system disorders, and the development of new treatments for them

Question 8

Endorphin

Answer 8

transmitters that attach to the same receptors as morphine in the pituitary gland

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

chemicals released by neurons that affect other neurons agonists and antagonists

Question 10

Action Potential

Answer 10

all or none messages sent by axon

Question 11

Neuropeptide

Answer 11

influence ongoing synaptic activity; enhancing or impeding neurotransmission

Question 12

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 12

anterior portion of the frontal lobe, which responds mostly to the sensory stimuli that signal the need for movement

Question 13

What are the names of the four lobes of the cortex? (Where are they located?)

Answer 13

1) Frontal lobe (thumb)
2) Parietal Lobe (ring and middle)
3) Temporal Lobe (side)
4) Occipital lobe (pinky)

Question 14

What lobe controls fine movement?

Answer 14

The frontal lobe

Question 15

Which lobe is responsible for vision?

Answer 15

Occipital Lobe

Question 16

Which lobe contributes to hearing, complex processes of vision and processing of emotional information?

Answer 16

Temporal Lobe

Question 17

Which lobe processes body sensation?

Answer 17

Parietal Lobe

Question 18

What are the 4 types of neurons?

Answer 18

-sensory
-motor
-communication
-computation (network eg. brain)

Question 19

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 19

carry signals from the outer parts of the body to the CNS

Question 20

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 20

carry signals from the CNS to outer parts (muscles/glands)

Question 21

What do communication neurons do?

Answer 21

sends signals from one brain area to another

Question 22

What do computation neurons do?

Answer 22

extract + process information from sense (compare to stored info in memory)

Question 23

What are the 3 major parts of a neuron?

Answer 23

-Dendrites
-Axon
-Axon Terminal

Question 24

What are afferent nerves?

Answer 24

Access (bring info towards); carry signals to the brain for the sensory organs

Question 25

Efferent nerves bring?

Answer 25

Exit (bring info away); transmit impulses from brain to muscles or glands

Question 26

What is the resting potential?

Answer 26

When the neuron fires, the RP changes and the cell becomes DEPOLARIZED moving signals down axons to terminal buttons and releasing into adjacent extracellular space/synapse.; ~-70mV

Question 27

What is Activation Potential?

Answer 27

AP is an explosion of electric activity created by a depolarizing current (message sent by axons).

Question 28

What are neurotransmitters associate with?

Answer 28

NT are primarily associated with the synapse and synaptic cleft.

Question 29

What are neuromodulators?

Answer 29

Substances that modify or regulates the effect of neurotransmitters; important for hunger or thirst

Question 30

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 30

a part of the PNS controls voluntary movements

Question 31

What does the spinal chord do?

Answer 31

communicates with all sense organs and muscles except those of the head

Question 32

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 32

a part of the autonomic nervous system; "fight of flight"

Question 33

What does the hippocampus do?

Answer 33

forms, organizes, stores memory; lies beneath the medial temporal cortex & between thalamus & cerebral cortex

Question 34

What is the thalamus?

Answer 34

main source of input to the cerebral cortex; separate left and right structures located in the center of the midbrain

Question 35

Neocortex

Answer 35

"new" brain; outer part of the brain associated with intelligence

Question 36

Frontal lobe

Answer 36

fine movement, spacial association

Question 37

What is sensory aphasia?

Answer 37

inability to understand language, but can produce sounds

Question 38

What is Bocca's area?

Answer 38

speech control center; damage=motor aphasia

Question 39

Define the Binding Problem.

Answer 39

how does the brain put together all the signals? Still unknown, theory is that it is broken into senses

Question 40

agonist

Answer 40

a drug that increases synapse activity

Question 41

antagonist

Answer 41

a drug that decreases synapse activity