Quiz 1 Flashcards by Audrey Coder

The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

(definition) Restorative Art

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refers to the shape of a surface structure which is recognizable by its outline an surface-movement

Form

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Form involves 3 dimensions:

Length, width, projection

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those rays of light reflected form the surface

color

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Who were the 1st to practice restorative art?

Egyptians- several thousand years ago

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How did Egyptians do RA and why?

believed in reincarnation. Prepared dead so they would be in “perfect” condition 3000 years later. Scars were corrected, missing limbs replaced, fractures splinted, cheeks and hollows were filled.

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RA during Middle Ages

Art of Egyptians fell to disuse as the populace was unable to read. Doctors took care of privileged class- no effort made at restoration.

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13th and 14th centuries

post-mortem care of royalty and the landed gentry resembled Egyptians. Blood and organs removed, remains immersed in vats of preserving liquids and powders. Deceased not presentable for viewing purposes.

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Italy during Renaissance

death masks were made as a “heroic” statue. Artistic practice

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When did Restorative Art begin

the end of the 19th Century in the US and Canada. After the Civil War. First attempt was similar to plastic surgery but failed due to the process of healing in nature

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Useful in surface construction but had disadvantages such as: it didn’t color properly, difficult to mold, drained moisture “moisture wicking” causing tissues to shrink

Plaster of Paris

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Too dark and oily, difficult to hide with coloring material

Sculptors clay

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dried out and shrank

cotton and collodion

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used 1914-15. coloring presented a problem.

melted yellow soap

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Early 20th century

mortuary chemical companies turned to production of formaldehyde fluids- metallic poisons illegal

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mid 1920’s

restorative waxes used

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require minimum effort, skill or time to complete

minor restorations

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correcting misaligned fracture, hypodermic tissue building, reduction of swelling, subtissue surgery, waxing lips abrasions sutures or razor burns, suturing clean cuts, small hair replacement, bleaching and concealing minor discoloration, removal and restoration of fever sores/scabs

examples of minor restorations

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require a long period of time, extensive, require technical skill

major restorations

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restoration of a full head of hair, subtissue surgery of swollen neck, buck- teeth, deep wound preparation, care of deep lacerations, repair of multiple fractures, third degree burns, skin slip, dismemberment of a limb, complete loss of a part

time and extensive repairs of major restorations

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distorted portion of the face/cranium, wax surfacing over a large wound, modeling a facial feature, achieving natural appearance when masking a completely discolored face with opaque cosmetics

technical skill of major restorations

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you need permission to undertake,,,,

major or minor restorative art

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you do not need permission to undertake….

those incurred in preparation of the remains, visual swelling, leakage, or tissue discoloring

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the study of the face and features. deals only with the surface.

physiognomy

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differences of paired features, the two sides of a feature or both halves of the face

asymmetry

where is the greatest variation?

ears

the most common characteristic of each part of a feature.

norm

the front or forward

a position closer to the vertex of the skull

superior

position behind or toward the rear

posterior

position below or toward the feet

inferior

position closer to the median plane

medial

position farther from the median plane; to the side

lateral

refers to the two sides

bilateral

vertical plane which divides the head into left and right sides; midline of the face

median plane

cut across the median plane at right angles

horizontal planes

slanted; neither vertical nor horizontal

oblique plane

surface exhibiting a minimum curvature but differing in direction from the adjacent surfaces

surface plane

jutting out of a part or structure in comparison with another structure or part

projection

state of standing forth as to be readily seen

prominence

the act of receding

recession

sunken (concave) area or part

depression

head is long or rounded, high cranial vertex while forehead is full or dome like. nose is long and narrow, lips are thin

White Race

long, narrow head with a low cranial vertex. Nose broad and flat. Thick everted lips, projecting face, recessive chin

Black Race

short broad head and high cranial vertex. wide cheekbones and small nose and slanting eyes. distance from nasal root to inner corner of the eye is minimal

Yellow Race

bony structures of each person are....

alike in name and location

oval, egg shape, oblong

skull form

Width is 2/3rds its length

classical form of skull

facial portion of the skull is small- about 1/8 of the area of the cranium

skull at birth

1/2 the size of the cranial area

adult facial portion

the skull grows rapidly from

birth to age 7

the sutures of the skull begin to ossify at age

skull is lighter, smaller, and cranial capacity is 10% less, walls are thinner, muscular ridges less pronounced, vertex is not as high, cranial vault appears flattened. Rounded and smoother facial bones

female skull

reduction of the size of the upper and lower jaws- due to loss of teeth and absorption of alveolar processes

characteristics of old age

Occipital (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Frontal (1)

bones of cranium- larger and simpler

Nasal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1)

bones of face- complex

lowest part of the back and base of skull. large opening - Foramen Magnum

Occipital bone

2 bones- form sides and back of cranium. smooth and convex. WIDEST PART OF CRANIUM is Parietal eminences!

Parietal Bones (2)

create the lower portion of the sides of the cranium. lie below parietal bones

Temporal Bones (2)

vertical portion of the temporal bone. sever impact causes swollen and discolored eyes

squama

projects from squama. used to establish the widest part of the face and locate the correct position of a modeled ear. divides the length of ear into two equal parts. WIDEST PART OF FACE is measured between the two...

zygomatic arch

small oval depression on the under-surface of the temporal bone. socket where the condyle of the lower jaw fits and acts as a hinge.

mandibular fossa

located under the ear. serves as the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle- WIDEST PART OF NECK

mastoid process

forms the forehead and anterior portion of the roof of the skull. a single bone. convex

frontal bone

Where is the greatest deposits of melanin found?

hair

lies in the stratum corneum and in the fat of the derma and superficial fascia. yellow pigment contributes greatly to the sallowness of the kin coloring

carotene

outermost layer of the skin. no lymph or blood vessels.

epidermis (epithelium)

deeper layer of skin. tough, flexible and elastic.

derma (connective tissue)

covered by tissues which are dense, composed of muscles and large amount of fat

chin

contains considerable amount of fat. superficial fascia is tougher and more fibrous than at other parts

cheek

inner surface of each lip is connected to the corresponding gum by a fold of mucous membrane called the frenulum. upper frenulum is usually larger than the lower.

mouth

skin is thin and closely bound to the underlying perichondrium, covered with fine hairs and furnished with sebaceous glands most numerous in the concha and scapha. the lobe is composed of tough areolar and adipose tissues

ear

lids are devoid of fat. easily distended and infiltrated with tissue fluid in edema or by blood in ecchymosis or hemorrhage. integument is extremely thin on eyelids

eye

wings of the nose are composed of fatty and fibrous tissue covered by skin

nose

tissues are relatively thing and follow the convolutions of the bony framework. skin is thicker than in any other part of the body.

scalp and forehead

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(75 cards)