Quiz 1 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is systematic error
error that occurs due to the study/trial design
What is random error, how can it be medigated
error that happens randomly, increasing the sample size
What is the relationship between bias and internal validity in a clinical trial
The more bias in a clinical trial the less internal validity the trial has
How does can intention-to treat analysis reduce the risk of attrition bias
analyzes all randomized patinets rather than only patient who provided all outcome data preserving benefit of baseline simiarity gained with randomization
T/F: Biased trials will always give biased results no matter how many times the trial is repeated
True
What is internal validity, external validity
The extent to which a study can answer its intended research question, the extent to which findings from one study can be used in different situations
What is selection bias, how can this be avoided
Systematic differences between groups in their baseline characteristics, randomization
What is a performance bias, how can this be avoided
Systematic differences between groups in how the intervention is applied/ blinding of patients, investigators and assessors of outcomes
What is detection bias, how can this be avoided
systematic differences between groups in how outcomes are assessed/ blinding of patients, investigators, and assessors
What is attrition bias
Systematic differences between groups in dropouts from a study
What are the two problematic results from a attrition bias
leads to incomplete outcome data, systematic difference in groups at the end of a trial even if randomization occurred
If a clinician knows about adverse effects and monitors certain patients closely is there an increase or decrease of bias, what type of bias,
increase, performance bias
If a patient has no idea what drug they are taking and therefore cannot report differently does this increase or decrease bias, what type of bias
Decrease, detection bias
