Quiz 1 and Test 1

Question 1

Term for modification with descent

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

Order of vertebrates

Answer 2

fish -> amphibians -> reptiles -> mammals and birds

Question 3

What are 4-feet (limbs) creatures?

Answer 3

tetrapod

Question 4

What was the very first vertebrate?

Answer 4

fish (always have fins)

Question 5

Creature that does not have limbs, but is still tetrapod due to descent

Answer 5

snake

Question 6

Which features have common ancestors?

Answer 6

homology (mammal limb -> bird wing) (similar build)

Question 7

Which features share common function?

Answer 7

analogy (bird wing -> insect wing) (completely different build)

Question 8

Which features look alike?

Answer 8

homoplasy (insect wing -> leaves) (developed for mimicry)

Question 9

Which symmetry body plan likes spokes on a wheel? No front, back, left, or right. (Jellyfish)

Answer 9

radial

Question 10

Which symmetry has front/back, left/right, top/bottom type of symmetry?

Answer 10

bilateral

Question 11

Which planes of section divides bilaterally symmetrical animals into left and right halves?

Answer 11

sagittal

Question 12

Which places of section divides bilaterally symmetrical animals into anterior and posterior sections?

Answer 12

transverse

Question 13

Which planes of section divide bilaterally symmetrical animals into dorsal and ventral sections?

Answer 13

frontal section

Question 14

What means towards the heads, which is superior for humans?

Answer 14

anterior or cranial

Question 15

What means nearer the tail, which is inferior for humans?

Answer 15

posterior or caudal

Question 16

What means towards the back, which is posterior for humans?

Answer 16

dorsal

Question 17

What means towards the belly, which is anterior for humans?

Answer 17

ventral

Question 18

What means towards the midline?

Answer 18

medial

Question 19

What means towards the sides of the body?

Answer 19

lateral

Question 20

What is part of the appendage (fin or limb) closer to the body?

Answer 20

proximal

Question 21

What is part of the appendage farther from the body?

Answer 21

distal

Question 22

Who realized the importance of segments?

Answer 22

Owen

Question 23

What the term used for course of evolution?

Answer 23

phylogeny

Question 24

What over simplifies phylogeny and makes it look like direct evolution?

Answer 24

dendrograms

Question 25

Which primitive chordate had no jaws, no vertebrae, skeleton made of protein, and no fins?

Answer 25

amphioxus

Question 26

Which semi primitive chordate had no jaws, primitive vertebrae, cartilage skeleton, and unpaired fins?

Answer 26

lamprey

Question 27

Which derived chordate had jaws, well-developed vertebrae, cartilage skeleton, and paired fins?

Answer 27

shark

Question 28

What percent of species have gone extinct?

Answer 28

99

Question 29

How many years have humans been around?

Answer 29

300,000

Question 30

How long ago did civilization building begin?

Answer 30

12 to 15 thousand years

Question 31

What is the science of building a phylogeny?

Answer 31

systematics

Question 32

What is a group of organisms in branches of phylogeny?

Answer 32

taxon

Question 33

What is a taxon of related organism?

Answer 33

clade

Question 34

What is a relative measure of how evolved?

Answer 34

grade

Question 35

What is the study of fossils?

Answer 35

paleontology

Question 36

What are recovered fossils loaded with information about?

Answer 36

anatomy and social behavior

Question 37

Why is the fossil record biased?

Answer 37

abundancy, distribution, existed for a long time, hard body parts

Question 38

What was the famous place where creatures living in shallow sea caused landslides that helped preserve these organisms and help keep them together?

Answer 38

Burgess Shale

Question 39

Who believed that parts were adapted to perform specific functions, and if a part was changed, the function failed and the animal perished?

Answer 39

Cuvier

Question 40

Who believed in archetypes, stating that all living things came from the same basic, essential plan?

Answer 40

Owen

Question 41

Who believed that species were unchanging?

Answer 41

Linnaeus

Question 42

Who believed in aquired characteristics, which are those organismal parts that were adapted due to an environmental change?

Answer 42

Lamarck

Question 43

Who wrote Darwin with extremely similar ideas to those that were stated in Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Answer 43

Wallace

Question 44

Who wrote On the Origin of Species which was used to show all of this scientist's notes on the true meaning of natural selection?

Answer 44

Darwin

Question 45

What year was the Cambrian explosion (multicellular animals = porifera, cnidaria, mollusks)?

Answer 45

542 mya

Question 46

What year was snowball Earth?

Answer 46

600-750 mya

Question 47

What year was multicellular eukaryote (algae)?

Answer 47

1.2 bya

Question 48

What year was first eukaryote (single celled protist)?

Answer 48

2.1 bya

Question 49

What year was oxygen revolution, resulting from waste production of photosynthesis and saturating water?

Answer 49

2.2-2.7 bya

Question 50

What year was first life, cyanobacteria which are prokaryotes?

Answer 50

3.5 bya

Question 51

What year was first rocks, cooling of earth, no fossils?

Answer 51

3.9 bya

Question 52

What year was the formation of the solar system?

Answer 52

4.6 bya

Question 53

What was the Cenozoic era known as?

Answer 53

age of mammals or recent animal life, 65 mya to now

Question 54

What was the most recent mass extinction event?

Answer 54

cretaceous

Question 55

What period and time were the first birds?

Answer 55

Jurassic, 150 mya

Question 56

What period and time were the first mammals?

Answer 56

225 mya, Triassic

Question 57

What was the Mesozoic era known as?

Answer 57

age of reptiles, middle animal life, 65-250 mya

Question 58

What was the Paleozoic era known as?

Answer 58

age of fish, ancient animal life, 250-542 mya

Question 59

What and when was the first mass extinction?

Answer 59

Permian, 250 mya

Question 60

What and when were the first reptiles?

Answer 60

carboniferous, 300 mya

Question 61

What and when were the first amphibians?

Answer 61

Devonian, 365 mya

Question 62

What was the period where nothing happened?

Answer 62

Silurian

Question 63

What was the first terrestrial life and during what period?

Answer 63

Ordovician, Arthropoda, scorpion, fungi, plant

Question 64

How many animal phyla were brought about during the Cambrian explosion and what were they and when?

Answer 64

31+ animal phyla, Chordata, urucephalochorate, cephalochordate, vertebrata, 542 mya

Question 65

Why was Cambrian explosion successful in bringing new species?

Answer 65

melting of snowball Earth = more photosynthesis more oxygen = more energy = bigger, faster, predator/prey

Question 66

What was the percent of species that went extinct during Permian extinction?

Answer 66

95

Question 67

What caused the Permian extinction?

Answer 67

climate change

Question 68

What are greenhouse gases?

Answer 68

traps suns rays

Question 69

What are the two compounds most important for global warming?

Answer 69

CO2, CH4

Question 70

What causes methane to build up in atmosphere?

Answer 70

animal farts, decomposition of organic life

Question 71

What causes carbon dioxide build up in atmosphere?

Answer 71

burning fossil fuels (remains of once living organisms) (coal, oil, natural gas)

Question 72

What happened during the Cretaceous extinction?

Answer 72

dinosaurs extinct ET body came to Earth, 100 mile diameter crate left behind blocked out sun with amount of dust and knocked out photosynthetic life so therefore food web -> catastrophic herds of reptiles converted to mammals