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Fall 2024: Anatomy 2 > Quiz 1: Lecture 1-3 > Flashcards

Quiz 1: Lecture 1-3 Flashcards

UE Anatomy (164 cards)

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1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

A pyramid shaped region between the pec and arm (also runs posterior to the clavicle)

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2
Q

Which structures make up the boundaries of the axilla?

A

Anterior Boundary: Pec major and minor

Medial Boundary: Serratus anterior

Posterior Boundary: Subscapularis, teres major, lats

Lateral Boundary: Humerus

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3
Q

What does the axilla contain?

A
  • Axillary artery
  • Axillary vein
  • Brachial plexus
  • Lymphatics
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4
Q

List the primary blood flow path through the upper extremity

A

Subclavian Artery, Axillary Artery, Brachial Artery

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5
Q

Which upper extremity arteries come off the subclavian

A
  • Internal Thoracic (1st part of subclavian)
  • Dorsal Scapular (3rd part of subclavian)
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6
Q

Which artery supplies blood from the superior to transverse scap ligament?

A

Suprascapular artery

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7
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the medial part of the scapula?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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8
Q

T or F? The dorsal scapular artery and suprascapular artery make an anastamoses (overlapping circulation) of the inferior scapula

A

True

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9
Q

The subclavian artery is divided into 3 parts by which muscle?

A

Anterior scalene

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10
Q

The axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by which muscle?

A

Pec minor

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11
Q

Which artery branches off the 1st part of the axillary artery?

A
  • Superior thoracic artery
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12
Q

Which arteries branch off the 2nd part of the axillary artery?

A
  • Thoracoacromial trunk
  • Lateral thoracic artery
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13
Q

Which arteries come off of the thoracoacromial trunk? (Think: Atlantic City Police Department)

A
  • Acromial
  • Clavicular
  • Pectoral
  • Deltoid
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13
Q

Which arteries branch off the 3rd part of the axillary artery?

A
  • Subscapular artery
  • Anterior circumflex humeral artery
  • Posterior circumflex humeral artery
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14
Q

Which 3 arteries supply the posterior/inferior scapula?

A
  • Suprascapular artery
  • Dorsal scapular artery
  • Scapular circumflex artery
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15
Q

Describe the anterior and posterior circumflex arteries

A
  • Anterior is smaller than posterior
  • both meet at the anterior humerus to create an anastomosis
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16
Q

What are the 4 veins of the axillary region?

A
  • Basilic
  • Cephalic
  • Axillary
  • Subclavian
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17
Q

When returning back to the heart, what is the order of bloodflow?

A

Basilic vein, axillary vein, subclavian vein

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18
Q

Which vein feeds into the axillary vein?

A

Cephalic vein

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19
Q

Which structures go through the quadrangular space?

A
  • Axillary nerve
  • Posterior circumflex humeral artery + vein
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20
Q

Which structures go through the triangular space?

A
  • Circumflex scapular artery
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21
Q

Which structures go through the triangular interval?

A
  • Radial nerve
  • Deep brachial artery
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22
Q

What are the 3 spaces around the shoulder?

A
  • Quadrangular space
  • Triangular space
  • Triangular interval
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23
Q

Which ligament runs on the superior scapula?

A

Superior transverse scap ligament

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24
T or F? The suprascapular nerve runs overtop of the superior transverse scapular ligament, while the suprascapular artery runs below
False, the suprascapular artery runs overtop of the superior transverse ligament while the suprascapular nerve runs below
25
T or F? All upper extremity muscles are supplied by nerves from the brachial plexus
True
26
Where do the brachial plexus nerve roots originate?
C5-T1 and they emerge between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
27
What are the sections of the brachial plexus from proximal to distal?
Roots/rami, trunks, divisions, cords, branches
28
Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?
C5 + C6
29
Which nerve roots form the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?
C7
30
Which nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?
C8 + T1
31
The lateral cord's terminal branch (main branch) is the...
musculocutaneous n.
32
The medial cord's terminal branch (main branch) is the...
Ulnar n.
33
A branch of both the lateral and medial cord form together to make the...
Median n.
34
What are supraclavicular branches? List them
smaller nerves that branch off the nerves proximal to the clavicle - Dorsal scapular n. - Suprascapular n. - Long thoracic n.
35
Which infraclavicular nerve comes off the lateral branch?
Lateral pectoral n.
36
Which infraclavicular nerves comes off the medial branch?
- Medial antebrachial n. - Brachial cutaneous n. - Medial pectoral n.
37
Which infraclavicular nerves comes off the posterior branch?
- Upper subscapular n. - Lower subscapular n. - Thoracodorsal n.
38
Which nerve innervates the lats?
Thoracodorsal n.
39
Which nerves innervate the subscapularis?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
40
Which nerve innervates the teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve
41
Which nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic n.
42
Which nerve innervates the levator scap and rhomboids?
Dorsal scapular n.
43
Which terminal nerve branch originates from C5-C7, pierces the coracobrachialis, runs deep to biceps, but superficial to brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
44
Which terminal nerve branch originates from C6-T1 and innervates the anterior compartment muscles of the forearm except for 2 of them?
Median nerve
45
Which terminal nerve branch originates from C8-T1 innervates the other 2 muscles of the anterior forearm?
Ulnar nerve
46
Which terminal nerve branch originates from C5-C6 and enters the posterior arm via the quadrangular space to innervate the deltoid and teres minor?
Axillary nerve
47
Which terminal nerve originates from C5-T1 and innervates all of the forearm extensor muscles?
Radial nerve
48
Which nerve root does the axillary nerve root originate at?
C5-C6
49
Which nerve root does the radial nerve originate at?
C5-T1
50
Which nerve root does the musculocutaneous nerve originate at?
C5-C7
51
Which nerve root does the median nerve originate at?
C6-T1
52
Which nerve root does the ulnar nerve originate at?
C8-T1
53
Which nerves comes off of C5 alone?
- Dorsal scapular n. - Suprascapular n.
54
Which nerve comes off of the lateral cord?
- Lateral pectoral n.
55
Which nerve comes off of C5, C6, C7?
- Long thoracic n.
56
Which nerves come off the posterior cord?
- Upper subscapular n. - Lower subscapular n. - Thoracodorsal n. - Radial n. - Axillary n.
57
Which nerves come off of the medial cord?
- Medial pectoral n. - Medial antebrachial n. - Brachial cutaneous n.
58
The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the...
Acromion
59
The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the...
Manubrium of the sternum
60
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular (sc) joint?
Saddle
61
What is the conoid tubercle? Where is it? Which ligament attaches to it?
It is a small projection on the posterior/lateral clavicle that faces posterior and inferior Conoid ligament attaches to it
62
What is the trapezoid line? Where is it located? What attaches here?
Lateral to the conoid tubercle, runs forward/lateral Attachment: trapezoid ligament
63
The conoid and trapezoid ligaments together are called…
Coracoclavicular ligament
64
T or F? The scapula and humerus are hung on the clavicle
True
65
What are the functions of the clavicle?
- Allow the scapula and humerus to move more freely and increase range of motion - Transmit forces to the center of the body
66
T or F? The anterior surface of the scapula articulates with the ribs?
True
67
T or F? The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the humerus?
True
68
T or F? The acromion articulates with the clavicle?
True
69
Which muscles attach to the coracoid process?
- Pec minor - coracobrachialis - biceps brachii
70
Which muscle sits in the subscapular fossa?
Subscapularis
71
The spine of the scapula aligns with which spinal level?
T3
72
Which muscle sits in the supraspinous fossa?
Supraspinatus
73
Which muscle sits in the infraspinous fossa?
Infraspinatus
74
Which type of acromion curve is most common?
Type 2 (curved)
75
Which type of acromion curve is most common with rotator cuff injuries?
Type 3 (hooked)
76
Which type of acromion curve is the most rare?
Type 1 (flat)
77
Which bursa sits below the acromion and between the humeral head?
Subacromial bursa
78
Which muscle tendon runs right below the acromion?
Supraspinatus tendon
79
The scapular plane is about _____ degrees anterior to the frontal plane
35
80
Where is the anatomical neck of humerus? Where is the surgical neck of humerus?
Anatomical neck: immediately lateral to humeral head Surgical neck: more distal than anatomical neck (located on proximal part of humeral shaft)
81
Which which tubercle/tuberosity of the humerus sits more lateral? Medial?
Lateral: greater tubercle Medial: lesser tubercle
82
Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
83
Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
Subscapularis
84
Which groove/sulcus sits between the greater and lesser tubercles?
Intertubercular sulcus (also called the bicipital groove)
85
Where can you find the deltoid tubercle?
Distal/inferior end of the groove (middle of humerus)
86
Which neck of the humerus is weaker? Anatomical or surgical?
Surgical neck
87
Which structures run posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus?
- Axillary nerve - posterior humeral circumflex arteries
88
Humeral head faces which direction? How many degrees of retroversion does it take to align in the scapular plane?
Medial and superior 30 degrees
89
T or F? The glenoid cavity is very shallow
True
90
What are the 4 joints of the shoulder?
- Sternoclavicular (SC) joint - Acromioclavocular (AC) joint - Scapulothoracic (ST) joint - Glenohumeral (GH) joint
91
T or F? The SC joint is a synovial joint
True
92
Which 5 motions can the sternoclavicular (SC) joint perform?
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, posterior rotation
93
Which 6 motions occur at the AC joint?
Upward rotation, downward rotation, anterior tilt, posterior tilt, internal rotation, external rotation
94
Which muscle provides stability between the scapulothoracic joint?
Serratus anterior
95
What are the 4 motions of the scapula?
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction
96
What type of joint is the GH joint?
Ball and socket (synovial)
97
How much of the humeral head fits into the glenoid cavity?
1/3 of it
98
What is the glenoid labrum?
Fibrocartilagenous ring that surrounds the glenoid fossa
99
How many layers to a capsule?
2; fibrous and synovial
100
T or F? The GH joint capsule covers both the anatomical neck of humerus and glenoid/labrum
True
101
What is the empty space inferior to the GH joint called? What is its function?
Axillary pouch; allows the humeral head to shift inferiorly during abduction
102
What is a communicating bursa?
A bursa that is located adjacent to a joint and shares the same synovial fluid
103
Which of the following is a communicating bursa? Subscapular bursa or subscromial bursa?
Subscapular bursa Subacromial bursa is a non-communicating bursa
104
T or F? The GH capsule is thicker on the anterior and superior regions, along with between the greater and lesser tubercles
True
105
Which ligaments make the anterior part of the GH capsule thick?
Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
106
Which ligaments make the superior part of the GH capsule thick?
Coracohumeral ligament
107
Which ligament make the space between the greater and lesser tubercles thick?
Transverse humeral ligament
108
What is another name for the coraco-acromial ligament?
Coraco-acromial arch
109
What is the main function of the coraco-acromial ligament?
Provide protection to the humeral head as shoulder abduction occurs
110
Which 3 structures pass beneath the coraco-acromial ligament?
Biceps long head tendon, supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa
111
Which structures make up the boundaries of the triangular space?
- long head of triceps - teres major - teres minor + subscapularis
112
Which structures make up the borders of the quadrangular space?
- Inferior margin of teres minor / subscapularis - Surgical neck of humerus - Superior margin of teres major - Lateral margin of long head of triceps
113
Which structures make up the boundaries of the triangular interval?
- Lateral margin of long head of triceps - Shaft of humerus - Inferior margin of teres major
114
Where does the upper trap originate and insert?
Origin: Occiput + nuchal ligament Insertion: Posterior lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion
115
Where does the middle trap originate and insert?
Origin: Spinous processes of T1-T4 Insertion: Medial border of acromion
116
Where does the lower trap originate and insert?
Origin: Spinous processes of T5-T12 Insertion: Inferior middle part of scapular spine
117
Which actions does the trapezius perform?
Upper: Elevation + upward rotation Middle: Retraction Lower: Depression + upward rotation
118
Which artery supplies the trapezius? nerve?
Blood supply: Transverse cervical artery Innervation: Spinal accessory (CN XI)
119
Where does the latissimus dorsi originate and insert?
Origin: Spinous process of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac crest, lower ribs Insertion: Medial intertubercular sulcus
120
Which actions does the latissimus dorsi perform?
Adduction, internal rotation, extension of humerus
121
Which artery supplies the latissimus dorsi? nerve?
Blood Supply: Thoracodorsal artery Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,C7,C8 posterior cord)
122
Where does the levator scapula originate and insert?
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4 Insert: Superior medial border of scapula
123
Which actions does the levator scapula perform
Elevation, downward rotation of scapula
124
Which artery supplies the levator scapula? nerve?
Blood Supply: Dorsal scapular artery (has 3 branches) Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
125
Where does the rhomboid minor originate and insert?
Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T1 Insertion: Root of scapular spine
126
What actions does the rhomboid minor perform?
Elevation, retraction, downward rotation of scapula
127
Which artery supplies the rhomboid minor? nerve?
Blood Supply: Dorsal scapular artery Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
128
Where does the rhomboid major originate and insert?
Origin: Spinous processes T2-T5 Insertion: Medial border of scapula
129
What actions does the rhomboid major perform?
Elevation, retraction, downward rotation of scapula
130
Which artery supplies the rhomboid major? nerve?
Blood supply: Dorsal scapular artery Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
131
T or F? The posterior rotator cuff muscles attach to the greater tubercle while the anterior rotator cuff muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle
True
132
Where does the supraspinatus originate and insert?
Origin: Supraspinous process Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
133
What is the action of the supraspinatus?
Abduction after 30 degrees
134
Which artery supplies the supraspinatus? nerve?
Blood Supply: Suprascapular artery Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
135
Where does the infraspinatus originate and insert?
Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
136
What is the action of the infraspinatus?
External rotation, GHJ stability
137
Which artery supplies the infraspinatus? nerve?
Blood supply: Suprascapular artery Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
138
Where does the teres minor originate and insert?
Origin: Lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
139
What is the action of the teres minor?
External rotation, GHJ stability
140
Which artery supplies the teres minor? nerve?
Blood Supply: Posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery Innervation: Axillary nerve
141
Where does the subscapularis originate and insert?
Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
142
What action does the subscapularis perform?
GHJ internal rotation
143
Which artery supplies the subscapularis? nerve?
Blood Supply: Subscapular artery Innervation: Superior subscapular nerves, inferior subscapular nerves
144
Which structure marks the point in which the brachial plexus divisions divide
Clavicle
145
Which structure divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts?
Anterior scalene
146
Which structure divides the axillary artery into 3 parts?
Pec minor
147
Which structure creates the boundaries of the 3 parts of the subclavian artery?
anterior scalene (Lateral 1st rib marks the transition between the 3rd part of the subclavian, and the first part of axillary artery
148
Which arteries come off of the first part of the subclavian?
Vertebral artery, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk
149
The subclavian gives off which arteries to the upper extremities?
suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery
150
Which artery comes off the third part of the subclavian?
Dorsal scapular artery
151
What structures make up the boundaries of the axillary artery?
1st part: - Lateral border of first rib - Superior border of pec minor 2nd part: - Superior border of pec minor - Inferior border of pec minor 3rd part: - Inferior border of pec minor - Inferior border of teres major
152
Which arteries come off each part of the axillary?
1st Part: - Superior thoracic artery 2nd Part: - Thoracoacromial trunk - Lateral thoracic artery 3rd Part: - Subscapular artery - Anterior circumflex humeral artery - Posterior circumflex humeral artery
153
Which nerve pierces through the pec minor and major?
Medial pectoral nerve
154
The axis of rotation for the scapula is where?
AC joint
155
T or F? The middle trap is only responsible for scapular retraction?
True
156
Which nerve comes off the trunk of C5-C6?
Suprascapular n.
157
Which arteries come off the thyrocervical trunk?
Suprascapular artery, Transverse cervical artery
158
Which arteries come off the subscapular artery?
Thoracodorsal artery, Circumflex scapular
159
What is the primary function of the quadratus plantae?
Correct the line of pull of the Flexor Digitorum Longus
160
T or F? The subscapular bursa is a communicating bursa (shares synovial fluid with joint)
True
161
T or F? The long head biceps tendon contains synovial fluid
True
162
Which structures pass below the coracoacromial arch?
Long head of biceps tendon, subacromial bursa, supraspinatus
163
T or F? The supraspinatus is responsible for the first 30 degrees of GH abduction, followed by action from the deltoid
True

Fall 2024: Anatomy 2 (9 decks)

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