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Social Psychology > Quiz 1- Methods > Flashcards

Quiz 1- Methods Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Science is a_____ (2)

A
  • set of values

- methods used to study a wide range of topics

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2
Q

Set of values: (2)

A
  • impact how we view world

- Favors learning through experience (Empiricism)

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3
Q

Methods used to study:

A

correlation, experiments

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4
Q

Essential Components of science (4)

A

Accuracy
objectivity
skepticism
Open-mindedness

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5
Q

Essential Components of science: Accuracy

A

careful, precise gathering information

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6
Q

Essential Components of science: Objectivity

A

achieved through systematic observation: observe behavior more than once, multiple observers

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7
Q

Essential Components of science: Skepticism

A

testable, data can be replicated and peer-reviewed (don’t trust if study says it’s correct, must go through a process)

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8
Q

Essential Components of science: Open-mindedness

A

ability to change views if views are discredited or inaccurate

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9
Q

Research Process (5)

A
  • dvp a research idea (hypo)
  • study design to test hypo
  • gather data
  • analyze data
  • Share results
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10
Q

Theory (Def)

A

integrated set of principles that explain/ predict observation

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11
Q

Theory’s: purpose (3)

A
  • organize, explain, and summarize in a way that’s logical and systematic
  • apply to real world
  • guide research
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12
Q

Theory: must be 3 things

A
  • testable (leads to hypo)(try to falsify hypo)
  • parsimonious (few variables, constructs)
  • consistent
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13
Q

The role of theories: steps (3)

A
  • theory about some aspect of social behavior
  • predictions are derived from this theory
  • research designed to test these predictions is conducted
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14
Q

The role of theories: if predictions are CONFIRMED

A

CONFIDENCE in the theory is increased (we never prove things we build support)

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15
Q

The role of theories: if predictions are DISCONFIRMED

A

confidence, in theory, is reduced

-the theory is modified theory is rejected

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16
Q

Study Design: Experiment

A
  • IV(X, manipulated variable)

- DV (Y, manipulation of IV causes changes in DV)

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17
Q

Experiment: Showing Causation (2 ways)

A
  • Random assignment

- Control

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18
Q

Random assignment (def)

A

equal chance of being placed in any condition

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19
Q

control (def)

A

systematizes our procedures to avoid confounds

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20
Q

confounds

A

covary w/ IV. Participants are different from other than my manipulation

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21
Q

Internal validity

A

confidence that the IV causes the DV

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22
Q

Internal Validity: Avoid confounding to___

A

increase internal validity

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23
Q

External Validity:

A

generalize to other settings, people, and time

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24
Q

Experimental Realism:

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A

participants are psychologically engaged (increases internal validity)

25
Mundane realism:
looks like real life (field study) | -can lose control resulting in low internal validity but his external validity
26
Correlational studies (2)
- relationship btw two variables | - lack of causation
27
Correlational problems (2)
- bi-directionality | - 3rd variable (confounds)
28
Self report challenges
- may lie | - may not know something about themselves
29
Survey challenges
- social desirability | - they way you word surveys could impact responses
30
observation (ways)
videotape | observe people
31
Archival research (def)
getting data from surveys that have already been conducted.
32
Two types of measurment:
reliability | validity
33
Reliability
repeatability
34
validity
am I measuring what I intend to measure
35
can't have_____w/o___
validity w/o reliability
36
Measurement error
not all doing it the same way
37
which one is the min requirement
reliability
38
types of sample (2)
probability | non-probability
39
probability- types
we know the prob of being selected - random sample (most basic) - stratified
40
random sample
equal chance of being selected out of pop for sample
41
stratified
create more representation (see baseball image) going from a pop to a sample
42
non-probability-type
I don't know the probability | convenience
43
convenience- why is the most common one?
select people who meet basic criteria | -easiest one
44
descriptive stats
describes our sample
45
frequency
how often an event occurs
46
central tendency: 3
Mean: avg mode: most common score median: middle number
47
when are mean and median preferred?
mean is preferred because it includes all scores but when the distribution is skewed use the median because CEO pulls the mean number making it seem larger!
48
STD
how wide apart or how compressed scores are
49
inferential stats
test hypos, allows us to make inferences from sample to population
50
types of statistical analyses
t-test: comparing 2 groups Anova: analysis of variance, used when 3 or more conditions correlation: rs btw 2 variables -----regression: quality of rs(2/more variables)
51
Bias
can be participant or experienter
52
participant: social desirabilty
they present themselves in a socially desirable way
52
participant: social desirabilty
53
how to detect social D
- word surveys to see if doing it (always, never) | - word questions differently to see if consistent
54
experimenter bias
might behave in ways that indicate participants how they should act
55
how to avoid experimenter bias
standerizarion (scripts, automate, double-blind)
56
informed consent
partip should be volunteers so have to give enough info for them to want to participate; dont have to tell hypo.
57
two ways to debrief
de-hoax: explaining hypo | desensitize: removing any negativity if done to them
58
IRB what are three things you have to present to IRB when using deception
- use least amount of it - tell partip about deception - need deception for study to work

Social Psychology (4 decks)

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