Quiz #10 Flashcards
(23 cards)
1
Q
Conceptual level
A
- thoughts, feelings, and ideas
- PFC and limbic system have primary role
- when we want to express ideas through speech, language encoding must take place in upcoming levels
2
Q
Linguistic planning level
A
- linguistic planning: language content, form, and use
- motor planning: plans and arrangement of phonemes
- PMC is important for planning, located in frontal lobe
3
Q
Motor planning/programming level
A
- motor planning: plans and arrangement of phonemes
- motor programs involve the execution of specific phonemes in time and space
- programs involve discrete movement of tongue, lips, etc.
- many motor programs make up a motor plan
4
Q
Apraxia of speech
A
- motor planning and programming disorder
- searching/groping for articulatory placement
- random substitutions, errors in articulatory placement
- can occur in insula (insular cortex), basal ganglia, Broca’s area, supplementary motor area (BA 6)
5
Q
Broca’s area impact on motor speech
A
- speech production
- works with motor cortex in speech production
6
Q
Supplementary motor area impact on motor speech
A
- planning and initiating motor movements
- connects with BA 6 in frontal lobe
- anterior to primary motor cortex
- speech production
7
Q
SMA syndrome - contralateral weakness, speech arrest, and motor apraxia: impact on motor speech
A
- recovery takes week to months
- damage: leg - arm - speech
- cause: direct damage to SMA (i.e., surgery)
8
Q
Insular (insular cortex)
A
- coordinates complex articulatory movements for speech
- pre-articulatory planning
- Broca’s area
9
Q
Basal ganglia
A
- gatekeeper - allow/inhibit actions
- damage - flood system competing options
10
Q
Motor control circuits: basal ganglia
A
- includes caudate nucleus, putament, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nuclei
- regulates motor functioning; tone and posture so that we have smooth, precise motor movements
- dyskinesia result when this system is damaged
11
Q
Motor control circuits: cerebellum
A
- coordinates muscle movements so that they are skilled and sequential
- when this circuit is damaged, speech can become uncoordinated, resulting in ataxic dysarthria
12
Q
UMN damage
A
- spastic muscles: hypertonia, hyperflexia (+ reflexes)
- clonus
- (+) Babinski sign
- no atrophy
- no fasciculations
13
Q
LMN damage
A
- flaccid muscles: hypotonia, hyperflexia (- reflexes)
- no clonus
- no Babinski sign
- marked atrophy
- fasciculations
14
Q
Indirect motor system
A
- aka extrapyramidal system
- includes medial motor systems:
1. anterior corticospinal
2. vestibulospinal
3. recticulospinal
4. tectospinal
15
Q
Final common pathway
A
- last leg of a motor signal’s journey
- part of LMN’s
- involves:
1. CN’s in the case of speech
2. alpha motor neurons
3. gamma motor neurons
16
Q
Alpha motor neurons
A
innervate extrafusal muscle fibers involved in muscle contraction
17
Q
Gamma motor neurons
A
innervate extrafusal muscle fibers involved in proprioception
18
Q
FPC and speech
A
- the following CN’s can be impacted when there is LMN damage:
V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
spinal nerves: C3-C5, T2-T11
19
Q
Speech issues
A
- damage to multiple motor pathways can lead to:
mixed dysarthria (ALS)
20
Q
Dorsal column
A
- ascending sensory tract
- origin: spinal cord
- site of ending: primary sensory cortex via thalamus
- functions: fine touch, vibratory sense, proprioception
21
Q
Spinothalamic
A
- ascending sensory tract
- origin: spinal cord
- site of ending: primary sensory cortex via thalamus
- functions: crude touch, pain, touch, temperature
22
Q
Spinocerebellar
A
- ascending sensory tract
- origin: spinal cord
- site of ending: cerebellum
- functions: proprioception
23
Q
Sensory tracts and speech
A
- proprioception for speech: body’s eyes for itself for the body’s knowledge of where its part are in space
- made up of:
1. kinesthesia: brain’s awareness of position and movement of structures (e.g., tongue)
2. joint position sense
