Quiz 12

Question 1

Deindividuation

Answer 1

Results in a loss of individual identity and a gaining of the social identity of the group

Question 2

Attitude

Answer 2

Evaluations of a particular person, behavior, belief, or concept

Question 3

Central route processing

Answer 3

Message interpretation characterized by thoughful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade

Question 4

Peripheral route processing

Answer 4

Message interpretation characterized by consideration of the source and related general information rather than of the message itself

Question 5

Central route processing

Answer 5

Message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments

Question 6

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 6

The conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts

Question 7

Social cognition

Answer 7

The cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves

Question 8

Schemes

Answer 8

Sets of cognitions about people and social experinces

Question 9

Impression Formation

Answer 9

How we organize information about another person to form an overall impression of that person

Question 10

Attribution theory

Answer 10

Seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individuals behavior, what the specific causes of that persons behavior

Question 11

Situational causes

Answer 11

perceived causes of behavior that are based on environmental factors

Question 12

Disportional Causes

Answer 12

Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors

Question 13

The halo effect

Answer 13

An initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics

Question 14

Assumed similarity bias

Answer 14

The tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself, even when meeting them for the first time

Question 15

Availability Heuristic

Answer 15

Tendency to confuse the probability of an events occurance with the ease with which it can be imagined

Question 16

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 16

A tendency to over attribute owners behavior to dispositional causes and minimize of the importance of situational causes

Question 17

Conformity

Answer 17

A change in behavior or attitudes brought by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people

Question 18

Compilance

Answer 18

Behavior that occurs in response to direct social power

Question 19

Prejudice

Answer 19

A negative or positive evaluation of a particular group and its members

Question 20

Self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 20

When expectations about a behavior act to increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur

Question 21

Observational learning approaches

Answer 21

The behavior of parents, other adults, and peers shapes childrens feelings about members of various groups; prejudice is learned through imitation and reward and punishment

Question 22

Social identity theory

Answer 22

People tend to be ethnocentric, viewing the world from their own perspective and judging others in terms of their group membership

Question 23

Implicit Association Test

Answer 23

Allows for measurment of subconscious attitudes, and attitudes that people do not want to be shown, toward members of specific groups

Question 24

Proxemity

Answer 24

Geographic closeness leads to liking

Question 25

Instinct approaches

Answer 25

Aggresion is the outcome of innate urges

Question 26

Observational learning approaches

Answer 26

Social and environmental conditons can teach individuals to be Agressive

Question 27

ProSocial behavior

Answer 27

Helping behavior

Question 28

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 28

Tendency for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared or diffused among those present

Question 29

Stressors

Answer 29

circumstances or events that produce threats to our well being

Question 30

Catalysmic events

Answer 30

Strong stressors that occur suddently, affecting many people at once

Question 31

Background stressors

Answer 31

everyday annoyances that cause minor irritations and may have long term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events

Question 32

Psychosomatic disorders

Answer 32

medical problems influenced by an interaction of psychological emotional and physical difficulties

Question 33

PNI

Answer 33

The study of the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain

Question 34

Learned Helplessness

Answer 34

A state in which people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled- a view of the world that become so ingrained that they cease trying to remedy the aversive circumstances, even if they can actually exert some influene; correlated with depression