Quiz 4(chapter 7&8)

Question 1

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 1

The Issue of the degree to which environment (nurture) and heredity(nature) influence behavior

Question 2

Cross-Sectional Research

Answer 2

Comparing people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 3

Longitudinal Research

Answer 3

Studying the same people as they age

Question 4

Sequential Research

Answer 4

Combination of cross sectional and longitudinal;considers different age groups, examined at several points in time

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Rod-Shaped Structures that contain all basic hereditary information;23 pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the mother and one from the father

Question 6

Zygote

Answer 6

The new cell formed by the union of the egg and sperm

Question 7

Embryo

Answer 7

A developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs

Question 8

Fetus

Answer 8

A developing individual, from eight weeks after conception untill birth

Question 9

Age of Viability

Answer 9

The point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely(about 22 weeks)

Question 10

Sensitive/Critical periods:

Answer 10

during prenatal development, time when the fetus is particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli

Question 11

PKU

Answer 11

child cannot produce enzyme needed for normal development; causes intellectual disabilitties

Question 12

Down Syndrome

Answer 12

Zygote receives extra chromosome at moment of conception one of the causes of mental retardation

Question 13

Teratogens

Answer 13

Environmental agents(drugs,chemicals,etc) that produce a birth defect

Question 14

Authoritative

Answer 14

Firm,set limits, use reasoning, explain things, encourage independence

Question 15

Uninvolved

Answer 15

Showed little interest, emotionally detatched believe parenting is only providing food,clothing,and shelter

Question 16

Inititative guilt(3-6)

Answer 16

Resolved positively if parents react to childrens attempts at independence

Question 17

industry vs inferiority(6-12)

Answer 17

resolved positively if child shows increased competency in social interactions

Question 18

cognitive development

Answer 18

the process by which a childs understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience

Question 19

Piaget SemiMotor(birth-2)

Answer 19

understanding comes from touching, sucking, chewing,manipulating

Question 20

preoperational(2-7)

Answer 20

development of language and use of symbols

Question 21

Piaget Concrete(7-12)

Answer 21

Logical thought develops,hypothetical questions

Question 22

Formal operational(12-adult)

Answer 22

abstact,formal,logical thought

Question 23

Metacognition

Answer 23

An awareness and understanding of one’s own cognitive processes

Question 24

ZPD

Answer 24

Level at which a child can comprehend or perform a task on his or her own

Question 25

identity vs role confusion

Answer 25

A time of major testing to determine one's unique qualities,and attempt to discover their identity

Question 26

Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 26

Resolved positively if the person develops intimate relationships on physical,intellectual levels

Question 27

Generativitiy vs stagnation

Answer 27

taking stock of one's contributions to family and society

Question 28

ego-integrity vs despair

Answer 28

reviewing lifes accomplishments and failures

Question 29

Menopause

Answer 29

Late 40's early 50's the period during which women stop menstruating and are no longer fertile

Question 30

Gerontology

Answer 30

The study of older adults and aging

Question 31

Genetic preprogramming theories of aging

Answer 31

human cells have a built-in time limit to their reproduction

Question 32

War and tear theories

Answer 32

mechanical functions of the body stop working efficiently as you age

Question 33

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 33

Skills such as memory,calculations,a nd analogy solving shows decline in late adulthood

Question 34

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 34

Accumulation of information,skills,strategies learned remain steady

Question 35

Drive-Reduction approaches

Answer 35

Lack of a basic biological requirement(water)

Question 36

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 36

Motivated by your own enoyment

Question 37

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 37

Motivated by a reward

Question 38

Bulimia

Answer 38

Disorder in which people binge on large quantities of food, followed by efforts to throw up

Question 39

James-Lange theory of emotion

Answer 39

Emotions are experienced as a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation

Question 40

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Answer 40

Both physiological arousal and emotional experienced are produced at the same time by the same nerve stimulus

Question 41

Schachter Singer theory of emotion

Answer 41

Emotions are determined jointly by a nonspecific kind of physiological arousal and its interpretation