Quiz 3

Question 1

Cognitive learning theory

Answer 1

Focuses on the thought process(cognitions) that underlie learning

Question 2

Cognitive map

Answer 2

Mental representations of spatial locations and directions

Question 3

Observational Learning

Answer 3

Learning by watching the behavior of another person (model)

Question 4

Memory

Answer 4

The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information

Question 5

Short Term memory

Answer 5

Second stage of memory, holds information for 15-25 secs

Question 6

Chunking

Answer 6

Organizational items into a familiar, manageable unit

Question 7

Long term memory

Answer 7

Third stage of memory, stores information on a relatively permanent basis

Question 8

Retrieval cue

Answer 8

A stimulus that allows you to more easily recall a long-term money

Question 9

Levels of processing

Answer 9

Emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed

Question 10

Explicit memory

Answer 10

Intentional or conscious recollection of information

Question 11

Implicit memory

Answer 11

Memories of which people are not consciously aware but which can affect subsequent performance and behavior

Question 12

Flashbulb memory

Answer 12

Specific,Important, or surprising episodes from our own lives

Question 13

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 13

Before conditioning, the stimulus does not naturally bring about the response of interest(bell)

Question 14

Unconditional Stimulus

Answer 14

Stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response, without having been learned (meat)

Question 15

Unconditoned response

Answer 15

Natural, innate, reflexive responsel unlearned

Question 16

conditional response

Answer 16

A response that, after conditioning, follows a previously neutral stimulus

Question 17

Human behavior is learned through…

Answer 17

Classical conditioning, Particularly emotional responses, such as fear

Question 18

Extinction

Answer 18

A previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears

Question 19

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 19

The reemerrgence of an extinguished response after a period of rest and no further conditioning

Question 20

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 20

A conditioned response follows a stimulus to the original conditioned stimulus; the greater the similarity, the greater the likelihood for generalization

Question 21

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 21

If two stimuli are sufficiently different from each other that one brings about the conditioned response but the other does not

Question 22

Positive reinforcer

Answer 22

A stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response

Question 23

Negative reinforcer

Answer 23

An unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in a preceding response

Question 24

Punishment

Answer 24

A stimulus that decreases the probability that a preceding behavior will happen again

Question 25

Latent learning

Answer 25

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it

Question 26

Levels-of-processing theory

Answer 26

Emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed

Question 27

Constructive processes

Answer 27

Memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events

Question 28

Decay

Answer 28

The loss of information because of nonuse

Question 29

Interference

Answer 29

Information in memory disrupts the recall of other information

Question 30

Cue Dependent forgetting

Answer 30

Forgetting due to insufficient retrieval

Question 31

Proactive Interference

Answer 31

Information learned earlier disrupts the recall of newer material

Question 32

Nativist approach

Answer 32

Genetically determined, innate mechanism drives language development(Noam Chomsky)

Question 33

Universal Grammar

Answer 33

Commons underlying structure shared by all the worlds languages

Question 34

Language-Acquisition device

Answer 34

Neural system of the brain that Chomsky though permits understanding of language

Question 35

Interactionist approach to language develop,emt

Answer 35

Combination of the learning theory and navist approaches