Quiz 1.4

Question 1

3 types of joints

Answer 1

Synathroidal
Amphiarthroidal
Diarthroidal

Question 2

how are joints classified

Answer 2

By the amount of movement that can occur at the joint

Question 3

Synarthroidal (Fibrous) joints

Answer 3

Essentially NO movement, lots of stability
Connected by dense fibrous tissue
High concentration of collagen
Ex: sutures of the skull

Question 4

Amphiathrodial (cartilaginous) joints

Answer 4

Middle ground of movement
Fibrocartilage connection
Common along midline
Ex: Vertebrae and pelvis

Question 5

Diarthrodial (synovial) joints

Answer 5

Most movement/freely moving
Majority of musculoskeletal joints

Question 6

All synovial joints have

Answer 6

Articular cartilage
Connective tissue
Synovial fluid
Ligamets

Question 7

SOME synovial joints have

Answer 7

Intra-articular discs (menisci)
Peipheral labrum
Fat pads
Bursa
Synovial plicae

Question 8

Articular cartilage

Answer 8

Covers ends of articulating bones, reduces friction

Question 9

Connective tissue

Answer 9

Encloses joint (joint capsule)
Additional stability

Question 10

Synovial fluid

Answer 10

Viscous liquid to reduce friction
Limits amount of force needed to produce movement

Question 11

Ligaments

Answer 11

Connective tissue attachments between bones to reduce excess movement
Surround joint–> additional stability

Question 12

Intra-articular discs (menisci)

Answer 12

Provide structural support, cushioning
ex: knee mcl/lcl

Question 13

Peripheral labrum

Answer 13

Support and thicken joint capsule, additional stability
ex: shoulder

Question 14

Fat pads

Answer 14

Thicken joint capsule, absorb force
Ex: elbow & knee

Question 15

Bursa

Answer 15

Sacs with synovial fluid to reduce stress at joint, absorb force

Question 16

Synovial plicae

Answer 16

Overlapping pleats of tissue, increases synovial surface area and allows full range of motion

Question 17

Types of synovial joints

Answer 17

Non-axial (gliding) & Axial

Question 18

Non-axial synovial joints

Answer 18

Condyloid
saddle
plane

Question 19

Axial synovial joints

Answer 19

Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial

Question 20

Condyloid

Answer 20

Flex/ext + ab/ad OR flex/ext + int/ext rotation
ex: Metacarpophalangeal

Question 21

Saddle

Answer 21

Biplanar- multiple planes
Ex: carpometacarpal

Question 22

Planar

Answer 22

Spinning around an axis
Intertarsal joints (gliding and sliding)

Question 23

Uniaxial joint

Answer 23

1 degree of freedom
Hinge (Knee, elbow)
Pivot joint (atlanto-axial-vertebrae)

Question 24

Biaxial

Answer 24

2 degrees of freedom
2 planes of movement, greater range
Ex: ellipsoid (radiocarpal)

Question 25

Triaxial

Answer 25

3 degrees of freedom Ex: ball and socket joint (hip, shoulder)

Question 26

Active force of muscle depends on

Answer 26

Neural and mechanical factors, fiber type, muscle architecture

Question 27

Joint torque moment depends on

Answer 27

Muscle force, lever arm (distance), joint position (angle) Muscle pulls tendon, tendon pulls bone --> torque

Question 28

Sarcomere

Answer 28

Basic contractile unit of muscle that develops force

Question 29

Light dark band of sarcomere

Answer 29

I-band is light, only thin filament A-band dark, think thick overlap

Question 30

General about cross bridge cycle

Answer 30

increase cross bridge formation --> increase force

Question 31

Synergist

Answer 31

two or muscles working together to produce a movement

Question 32

Agonist

Answer 32

Cause movement

Question 33

Antagonist

Answer 33

perform movement opposite of agonist

Question 34

Stabilizer

Answer 34

Active in one segment so that a movement in an adjacent segment can occur

Question 35

Neutralizer

Answer 35

Active to eliminate an undesired joint action of another muscle