Quiz 3.3

Question 1

Hip

Answer 1

The junction between the passenger and locomotor units

Question 2

Ligaments of hip

Answer 2

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral

Question 3

Iliotibial Tract (band)

Answer 3

Strong, fibrous connection between the TFL and condyles of femur, tibia, and head of fibula
Stabilized knee in extension & partial flexion

Question 4

ITB Syndrome

Answer 4

Pain, swelling/thickening above/below knee at rubbing points
Pain often occurs when contact with ground occurs
Common in Runners, cyclers, hikers

Question 5

Hip anterior muscles & adductors

Answer 5

Psoas major, iliacus, adductor brevis longus magnus, pectineus, gracilis

Question 6

External rotator hip muscles

Answer 6

6
All insert near greater troch and originate at/below acetabulum
PIRIFORMIS

Question 7

Piriformis syndrome

Answer 7

Irritation of the sciatic nerve to tight piriformis
Pain in butt, tingling or numbness along sciatic nerve
“Sciatica” from lower back or tight piriformis
Often found in run/bike because many repetitions of hip extension leads to tight Piriformis

Question 8

Other hip muscles

Answer 8

Sartorius, RF, HAMS

Question 9

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 9

Hip extensor & Abductor

Question 10

Gracilis

Answer 10

Hip flexor & Adductor

Question 11

Rectus Femoris

Answer 11

Hip & Knee Flexor

Question 12

Semimembranosus (HAMS)

Answer 12

Hip Extensor & knee flexor

Question 13

Semitendinosus (HAMS)

Answer 13

Hip extensor & knee flexor

Question 14

Biceps Femoris (long head) (HAMS)

Answer 14

Hip extensor & knee flexor

Question 15

Knee Joint

Answer 15

Largest joint of body
Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella

Question 16

Patella

Answer 16

Site of insertion for Quad; Allows tendons of muscles to slide over femoral condyles
Its movement allows us to increase perp. distance from AOR so we can reduce force while producing equal torque
Amount of articulation of patella and femur changes with flexion angle

Question 17

Motions of knee

Answer 17

3 DOF
Frontal plane: AB/AD; limited
Transverse: Int/ext rot; limited
Sagittal: Flex/ext: largest ROM

Question 18

Knee function

Answer 18

Transition GRFs upward to thigh muscles during locomotion

Question 19

Tibiofemoral joint

Answer 19

Medial and lateral condyles articulate with tibial condyles
“knee”

Question 20

Patellofemoral Joint

Answer 20

Anterior femur articulates with patella
Protects from anterior knee trauma
Increase MA of quad which allows for max torque production

Question 21

5 ligaments of knee

Answer 21

Lateral and medial Collateral lig (LCL & MCL)
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL & PCL)
Anteriolateral ligament (ALL)

Question 22

Primary similarity between ACL and PCL

Answer 22

Resist sagittal plane movement

Question 23

Characteristics of ACL

Answer 23

Resists forward movement of tibia
Originates at lateral condyle femur
Inserts on tibia
2 bundles: Anteromedial, posterolateral
Injury more common because can happen with no contact or force from behind
Anterior drawer test

Question 24

Characteristics of PCL

Answer 24

Resists movement of tibia backwards
Originates on posterior intercondylar Tibia
Inserts on medial condyle Femur
One bundle
Injury less common because we are better at absorbing force coming from in front of us
Posterior drawer test

Question 25

Can ACL heal itself

Answer 25

Does have blood supply and innervation, doesn't get blood from bony attachments BUT full tear ends cannot reattach Healing on its own leads to over stretching and weaker than original which could lead to re-tears

Question 26

Why does ACL strengthening focus on HAMS

Answer 26

They prevent tibia from moving forward because they insert on post. tibia so can help ACL handle force

Question 27

ACL Repair vs. reconstruction

Answer 27

Repair: Partial tear, just reattach Reconstruct: Replacing torn ACL with harvested tendon

Question 28

Unhappy triad

Answer 28

Injury to knee involving 3 ligaments ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus Occurs when force applied while foot is fixed and force applied above/below knee (often with rotation)

Question 29

Menisci

Answer 29

Reduce bone-bone contact between femur and tibia; disperses body weight and reduces friction Medial and lateral Medial larger because more force occurs through midline due to body weight distribution

Question 30

Bursae

Answer 30

Fat sacks in knee Suprapatellar Prepatellar Infrapatellar Semimembranosus

Question 31

Menisci structure

Answer 31

Wedge shape, thicker on periphery for stability in frontal plane as weight shifts, keeps femoral condyle alignment Outer third has blood supply, inner 2/3 has no blood supply

Question 32

Medial meniscus

Answer 32

Pulled posterior by semimembranosus

Question 33

Lateral Meniscus

Answer 33

Pulled posterior by popliteus

Question 34

Menisci function

Answer 34

Reduce compressive stress, stabilize joint during motion, guide knee, shock absorption, proprioception

Question 35

Popliteus muscle

Answer 35

Unlocks knee when flexion is initiated by laterally rotating femur "Dropping groomsmen" At full leg extension knee locks because femur medially rotates

Question 36

Why does medial head of gastrocnemius produce greater force

Answer 36

Medial is used more in walking because we push off big toe (medial) and our mass is more medial Greater pennation angle on medial head

Question 37

Plantaris

Answer 37

Knee flexor & plantar flexor More knee focus

Question 38

Gastrocnemius

Answer 38

Knee flexor & Plantar flexor More ankle focus