Quiz #14 Flashcards

1
Q

Three (3) Types of research:

1) d
2) e
3) e

A
  • Descriptive
  • Exploratory
  • Explanatory
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2
Q

What are the five (5) General steps of research?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

A
  • Identify the problem
  • Research design
  • Data collection
  • Data analysis
  • Reporting
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3
Q

Defined as an explanation that offers to classify, organize, explain, predict, or understand the occurrence of specific phenomena

A

Theory

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4
Q

________ rests on a series of hypotheses that attempt to make sense of reality

A

Theory

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5
Q

_________ is Defined as an abstract label that represents an aspect of reality

A

Conceptualization

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6
Q

__________ is Defined as the conversion of the abstract idea of notion into a measurable item

A

Operationalization

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7
Q

____________ variables (predictors, used to predict the outcome).

A

Independent

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8
Q

___________ variables: This is the outcome variable being predicted by the independent variable

A

Dependent

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9
Q

___________ variables: these are the variables which may be influencing the dependent variables

A

Control b

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10
Q

A statement describing the expected result or relationship between independent and dependent variables

A specifically measurable statement

A

Hypotheses

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11
Q

The end members of your study are called the ____

A

sample

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12
Q

The group that your sample will be derived of is called the _____ _______

A

sample frame

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13
Q

“_________” means the complete group /class from which information is to be gathered

A

population

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14
Q

whether the measure used accurately represents/reflects
the concept it is meant to measure. This is called _______

A

validity

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15
Q

whether the measuring device seems, on its _____, to measure what the researcher wants to measure

This is?

A

Face

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16
Q

Whether each item in the measuring device measures the concept
in question

this is?

A

Content

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17
Q

construct is:

A

Whether the measuring device does indeed measure what it has
been designed to measure

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18
Q

Criterion is:

A

representation of the degree to which the measure relates to external criterion

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19
Q

Reliability in this classes context refers to something that can be:

A

replicated by future research

20
Q

what are the two (2) components of reliability?

s
c

A

stability and consistency

21
Q

Steps to “getting started” on research study:

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

A
  • Picking a topic
  • Reviewing relevant literature
  • Developing research questions
  • Developing hypotheses
  • Identifying important variables
22
Q

What are the main ethical concerns in research?

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

A
  • Harm to others
  • Privacy concerns
  • Informed consent
  • Voluntary participation
  • Deception
23
Q

Ethical research criteria
1)
2)
3)
4)

A
  • Avoid harmful research
  • Be objective in designing, conducting, and evaluating research
  • Use integrity in the performance and reporting of the research
  • Protect confidentiality
24
Q

Define qualitative research in the wording that prof uses:

A

A non-numerical examination and interpretation of observations for
the purpose of discovering underlying meanings and patterns of
relationships

25
Q

Different types of Qualitative research
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

A
  • Field interviewing
  • Field observation/participant-observer
  • Ethnographic research
  • Sociometry
  • Historiography
  • Content analyses
26
Q

Define quantitative research in the wording prof uses:

A

The numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomena that those
observations represent

27
Q

Which two (2) types of research are strictly qual (not quant)

A

ethnographic and sociographic

28
Q

what are the three elements of causality:
c
t o
c for c

A

correlation
time ordering
control for confounders

29
Q

__________ research is the highest in terms of superiority

A

evaluation

30
Q

what does “cross-sectional” refer to?

A

analyzing something as a single point in time

31
Q

cohort:

A

some defining characteristic (all cops, all a certain age, all female, etc)

32
Q

Panel:

A

same people again and again and again

33
Q

What are the twelve (12) research designs?

A
  • Historical
  • Descriptive
  • Developmental/time series
  • Cross-sectional
  • Trend
  • Cohort
  • Panel
  • Case studies
  • Correlational
  • Causal-comparative
  • True experiment (RCT)
  • Quasiexperimental
34
Q

What are the ten (10) rules in questionnaire construction?

A
  • Start with a list of what you want to know about
  • Establish reliability and validity
  • Word questions appropriately
  • Identify who should answer the questions
  • Avoid asking poorly constructed questions
  • Determine question types (open vs closed)
  • Do not make assumptions about what information respondents have
  • Pretest the questionnaire
  • Make response options easily recognizable
  • Organize the questionnaire in a concise manner
35
Q

What are the names of the three (3) scales?

T
L
G

A

Thurstone
Likert
Guttman

36
Q

Which scale is this?

“panel decides validity”

A

Thurstone

37
Q

Which scale is this?

“Scaled responses (1=strongly agree; 5 = strongly agree)”

A

Likert

38
Q

Which scale is this?

questions are progressively more specific (must strictly follow the principle of unidimensionality)

A

Guttman

39
Q

What is the main element of Quasi-experimental that separates it from true-experimental?

A

it lacks random assignment

40
Q

which scale is the most used in criminology

Likert,
Thurstone,
Or Guttman?

A

Likert

41
Q

which scale is the LEAST used in criminology

Likert,
Thurstone,
Or Guttman?

A

Thurstone

42
Q

Central limit theorem meaning:

A

(eventually it will be a even distribution)

43
Q

four (4) Probability samplings:

Si r
St r
Sy r
C

A
  • Simple random
  • Stratified random
  • Systematic random
  • Cluster
44
Q

four (4) Non-Probability sampling:

P
Q
S
C

A
  • Purposive
  • Quota
  • Snowball
  • Convenience
45
Q
A