Quiz #14 Flashcards

1
Q

Three (3) Types of research:

1) d
2) e
3) e

A
  • Descriptive
  • Exploratory
  • Explanatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the five (5) General steps of research?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

A
  • Identify the problem
  • Research design
  • Data collection
  • Data analysis
  • Reporting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Defined as an explanation that offers to classify, organize, explain, predict, or understand the occurrence of specific phenomena

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

________ rests on a series of hypotheses that attempt to make sense of reality

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_________ is Defined as an abstract label that represents an aspect of reality

A

Conceptualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__________ is Defined as the conversion of the abstract idea of notion into a measurable item

A

Operationalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____________ variables (predictors, used to predict the outcome).

A

Independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

___________ variables: This is the outcome variable being predicted by the independent variable

A

Dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___________ variables: these are the variables which may be influencing the dependent variables

A

Control b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A statement describing the expected result or relationship between independent and dependent variables

A specifically measurable statement

A

Hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The end members of your study are called the ____

A

sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The group that your sample will be derived of is called the _____ _______

A

sample frame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

“_________” means the complete group /class from which information is to be gathered

A

population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

whether the measure used accurately represents/reflects
the concept it is meant to measure. This is called _______

A

validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

whether the measuring device seems, on its _____, to measure what the researcher wants to measure

This is?

A

Face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whether each item in the measuring device measures the concept
in question

this is?

A

Content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

construct is:

A

Whether the measuring device does indeed measure what it has
been designed to measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Criterion is:

A

representation of the degree to which the measure relates to external criterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reliability in this classes context refers to something that can be:

A

replicated by future research

20
Q

what are the two (2) components of reliability?

s
c

A

stability and consistency

21
Q

Steps to “getting started” on research study:

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

A
  • Picking a topic
  • Reviewing relevant literature
  • Developing research questions
  • Developing hypotheses
  • Identifying important variables
22
Q

What are the main ethical concerns in research?

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

A
  • Harm to others
  • Privacy concerns
  • Informed consent
  • Voluntary participation
  • Deception
23
Q

Ethical research criteria
1)
2)
3)
4)

A
  • Avoid harmful research
  • Be objective in designing, conducting, and evaluating research
  • Use integrity in the performance and reporting of the research
  • Protect confidentiality
24
Q

Define qualitative research in the wording that prof uses:

A

A non-numerical examination and interpretation of observations for
the purpose of discovering underlying meanings and patterns of
relationships

25
Different types of Qualitative research 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
* Field interviewing * Field observation/participant-observer * Ethnographic research * Sociometry * Historiography * Content analyses
26
Define quantitative research in the wording prof uses:
The numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomena that those observations represent
27
Which two (2) types of research are strictly qual (not quant)
ethnographic and sociographic
28
what are the three elements of causality: c t o c for c
correlation time ordering control for confounders
29
__________ research is the highest in terms of superiority
evaluation
30
what does "cross-sectional" refer to?
analyzing something as a single point in time
31
cohort:
some defining characteristic (all cops, all a certain age, all female, etc)
32
Panel:
same people again and again and again
33
What are the twelve (12) research designs?
* Historical * Descriptive * Developmental/time series * Cross-sectional * Trend * Cohort * Panel * Case studies * Correlational * Causal-comparative * True experiment (RCT) * Quasiexperimental
34
What are the ten (10) rules in questionnaire construction?
* Start with a list of what you want to know about * Establish reliability and validity * Word questions appropriately * Identify who should answer the questions * Avoid asking poorly constructed questions * Determine question types (open vs closed) * Do not make assumptions about what information respondents have * Pretest the questionnaire * Make response options easily recognizable * Organize the questionnaire in a concise manner
35
What are the names of the three (3) scales? T L G
Thurstone Likert Guttman
36
Which scale is this? "panel decides validity"
Thurstone
37
Which scale is this? "Scaled responses (1=strongly agree; 5 = strongly agree)"
Likert
38
Which scale is this? questions are progressively more specific (must strictly follow the principle of unidimensionality)
Guttman
39
What is the main element of Quasi-experimental that separates it from true-experimental?
it lacks random assignment
40
which scale is the most used in criminology Likert, Thurstone, Or Guttman?
Likert
41
which scale is the LEAST used in criminology Likert, Thurstone, Or Guttman?
Thurstone
42
Central limit theorem meaning:
(eventually it will be a even distribution)
43
four (4) Probability samplings: Si r St r Sy r C
* Simple random * Stratified random * Systematic random * Cluster
44
four (4) Non-Probability sampling: P Q S C
* Purposive * Quota * Snowball * Convenience
45