Research and Design Quiz #4

Question 1

The language of research
* Th___
* Concep_______ion
* Oper_____ion
* Va___bles
* Hyp____s
* Ass_____ts
* Imp___t R_______ Term____y

Answer 1

• Theory
• Conceptualization
• Operationalization
• Variables
• Hypotheses
• Assumptions
• Important research terminology

Question 2

What is: an explanation that offers to
classify, organize, explain, predict, or
understand the occurrence of specific
phenomena?

What is it?

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

The practice of criminal justice is grounded in:

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

______ rests on a series of
________ that attempt to
make sense of reality

Answer 4

Theory

Hypotheses

Question 5

Theories in Crim and CJ are numerous, spanning everything from biological, to biosocial, to macro-sociologic
based theories

List some theories

Answer 5

Theories in Crim and CJ are numerous, spanning everything from biological, to biosocial, to macro-sociologic
based theories
* RAT
* RCT
* DETERRENCE THEORIES
* RAT-LIFESTYLE
* DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
* BIOSOCIAL/TRAIT/GENE-BASED EVOLUTION
* CRIME PATTERN THEORY
* LEARNING THEORIES
* CONTROL THEORIES
* STRAIN THEORIES
* LABELING THEORIES
* CRITICAL CRIMINOLOGY
* FEMINIST THEORIES

Question 6

Concepts are the ________ point in research and can be very broad

Answer 6

beginning

Question 7

Concepts are typically _______ by nature (given that they are initially abstract), but the object is to gather data and/or variables to start measuring our concepts

Answer 7

qualitative

Question 8

Defined as the conversion of the abstract idea or notion into a measurable item

what is this?

Answer 8

operationalization

Question 9

The act of operationalizing something involves ________ how a concept is or will be measured

Answer 9

describing

Question 10

_______ are central in the
operationalization process

Answer 10

Variables

Question 11

What are the three types of variables?

Answer 11

Independent variables
Dependent variables
Control variables

Question 12

This is the predictor variable:

• In the conditional statement “If X, then Y,” the letter “X” is the _______ variable
• The predictor variable is assessed for its impact on the dependent variable

Which variable is this?

Answer 12

Independent

Question 13

This is the outcome variable being predicted by the independent variable

• In the conditional statement “If X, then Y,” the letter “Y” is the _______ variable
• The _______ variable could be some form of criminal behavior that is the product of some set of influences (i.e., independent predictors)

Which variable is this?

Answer 13

Dependent

Question 14

______ variables represent other sets of variable which may be influencing the dependent
variable; this is the _____ variable

• _______ variables may also be influential in or on the relationship between independent and
  dependent variables (i.e., mediating effects or moderating effects)
• We “________” for potentially confounding variables because they may be integral in a
  relationship we think exists or they may better explain the relationship between two variables all together

Answer 14

Control variable

Question 15

Once we have operationalized our concepts and have all the variables of interest, we test our
________ about the relationship we think exists

Answer 15

hypotheses