Quiz 2

Question 1

What is a spurious relationship?

Answer 1

when a third variable makes it appear like two variables are correlated

Question 2

What is culture?

Answer 2

the values, beliefs, behavior and material objects that together form a people’s way of life

Question 3

What are the two branches of culture?

Answer 3

material culture and non-material culture

Question 4

What is material culture?

Answer 4

everything that is part of our constructed physical environment

Question 5

What is non-material culture?

Answer 5

intangible ideas that guide our behavior

Question 6

What is ideology?

Answer 6

a system of concepts and relationships; most abstract of all non-material culture

Question 7

What are values?

Answer 7

abstract cultural beliefs; concepts of what is good, right, appropriate, worthwhile, and important (freedom)

Question 8

What are beliefs?

Answer 8

concepts that people accept as true, concerning how the world operates

Question 9

What are norms?

Answer 9

“rules” that specify behaviors appropriate and inappropriate to a particular social situation, developed out of values

Question 10

What are the two types of norms?

Answer 10

mores and folkways

Question 11

What are mores?

Answer 11

norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance, against public nudity, not stealing food

Question 12

What are folkways?

Answer 12

norma for routine or casual interaction, not strictly enforces, should dress up for a wedidng, how we eat

Question 13

What are symbols?

Answer 13

something to which people attach meaning and that they then use to communicate, a way of organizing our experience $

Question 14

What is language?

Answer 14

a system of symbols that can be put together in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought

Question 15

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 15

arrogant perception, my culture is the standard by which all others should be measured

Question 16

What is the opposite of ethnocentrism?

Answer 16

romanticization of other cultures

Question 17

What is cultural relativism?

Answer 17

allows people to understand and judge cultural practices in context, behavior and way of thinking examined in its cultural context, in the values norms, beliefs, and history of that culture

Question 18

What are the three ways culture changes?

Answer 18

maintenance, chance, diffusion

Question 19

What is maintenance?

Answer 19

culture is learned and perpetuates over time (norms, values, customs)

Question 20

What is change?

Answer 20

happens naturally over time in many societies, can be mandated by government, employers

Question 21

What is diffusion?

Answer 21

process by which an idea, an invention, or some other cultural item is borrowed from a foreign source

Question 22

What are the types of cultures within a society?

Answer 22

dominant, subcultures, countercultures

Question 23

What is dominant culture?

Answer 23

the culture of the most powerful group in society

Question 24

What are subcultures?

Answer 24

groups for whom values and norms of behavior differ from those of the dominant culture

Question 25

What are countercultures?

Answer 25

groups that develop as a reaction against the values of the dominant culture

Question 26

What are examples of subcultures?

Answer 26

environmentalists, military service people, sports nuts

Question 27

What are institutionally complete subcultures?

Answer 27

groups that can exist completely within the subculture: schools, medical care

Question 28

What are examples of countercultures?

Answer 28

amish, buddhist monks, militia groups

Question 29

What is culture shock?

Answer 29

the strain that people from one culture feel when they must reorient themselves to the ways of a new culture

Question 30

What does the intensity of culture shock depend on?

Answer 30

- extent to which the home and foreign cultures differ, level of preparedness

Question 31

What is socialization?

Answer 31

``` Process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as a member of that society ```

Question 32

What is internalization?

Answer 32

Internalization: process by which we take as our own the norms, values, beliefs, and language that our socializers are trying to pass on. These become part of us

Question 33

What is your social self?

Answer 33

part of self that has learned and internalized society’s expectations about what constitutes appropriate behavior and appearances

Question 34

What is the looking glass self concept?

Answer 34

- a sense of self develops such that people see themselves reflected in others’ reactions to their appearance and behaviors - your perception of yourself is created through social interaction

Question 35

Who came up with the looking glass self theory?

Answer 35

Charles horton cooley

Question 36

What is Mead's theory on self?

Answer 36

by taking the role of another we become self aware

Question 37

What are I and Me for mead?

Answer 37

I - spontaneous part of us | Me - the part that knows societal norms

Question 38

What are the four stages of the development of the self?

Answer 38

Imitation stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other

Question 39

What is the imitation stage?

Answer 39

talking twin babies, take the role of no one

Question 40

What is the play stage?

Answer 40

assuming roles modeled on significant others, taking the role of one other in one situation

Question 41

What is game stage?

Answer 41

being able to take the role of many others in one situation

Question 42

What is generalized other stage?

Answer 42

being able to take the role of many others in many situations

Question 43

Who socializes us?

Answer 43

groups or social contexts in which significant processes of socialization occur, primary groups and institutions

Question 44

What are examples of primary groups that socialize us?

Answer 44

families and peers

Question 45

What are parents supposed to do for children?

Answer 45

material support, emotional support and control/supervision

Question 46

What are family class differences in socialization?

Answer 46

different values taught to children from different classes, obedience vs independence