Quiz 8 Flashcards
What is institutional racism?
Racism so deeply ingrained that people don’t need to do anything for it to continue
What is an example of the following: Policies don’t have to be racist to have racist consequences?
redlining
What is a minority group?
- A group of people in a minority in a given society who, because of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics, find themselves in situations of inequality within that society
- Not based on numeric majority/minority
- Based on access to resources/power
What is ethnicity?
Social categories based on perceived cultural characteristics
What is symbolic ethnicity?
an ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life
What is racial identity?
¤ Based on perceived physical differences
¤ Assigned by others
¤ Reflects power relations
¤ Implies inherent difference in worth
What is ethnic identity?
¤ Based on claims of common descent, shared history, symbols of peoplehood
¤ Can be asserted or assigned
¤ Not tied to power
¤ Not tied to worth
What is an example of a racial group becoming an ethnic group?
irish
What is white priviledge?
Whiteness is taken for granted
What is immigration?
movement of people into one country from another for the purpose of settlement
What is emigration?
movement of people out of one country in order to settle in another
What are four models of migration?
- classic - Encourages immigration and offers citizenship but restricts annual intake eg United States, Canada, and Australia
- colonial - Encourages migration from former colonies eg France and United Kingdom
- guest workers - Encourages temporary immigration to fulfill labor demands ¤ Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium
- Illegal - Immigrants enter secretly or under a non-immigration pretense
What are 4 emergent migration patterns?
- Acceleration—greater numbers
- Diversification—greater variety of types of immigrants
- Globalization—more countries are sending and receiving migrants
- Feminization—greater number of female immigrants
What are 4 models of ethnic integration?
assimilation, melting pot, pluralism, multiculturalism
What is assimilation?
The acceptance of a minority group by a majority population, in which the new group takes on the values and norms of the dominant culture
What is melting pot?
The idea that ethnic differences can be combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources
What is pluralism?
A model of ethnic relations in which ethnic cultures retain their independent and separate identities yet participate in the rights and powers of citizenship
What is multiculturalism?
A recent outgrowth of pluralism in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life
What percentage of today’s U.S. population was born in another country?
13%
What percentage of immigrants in the U.S. today are living here illegally?
26%
Over the last five years, the largest group of immigrants to the United States has come from?
Asia
Impacts of immigrants
- The economy
- The effect on the earnings of the native-born workforce quite small
- Lower the cost of many goods and services as a result of low wages
- Fiscal impact more complicated
- Social solidarity and social capital: May lead to a decline in social cohesion, at least in the short run
- Crime:in fact often serves to reduce crime
What is the hispanic epidemiological paradox?
Acculturation: Adopt unhealthy diets and health risks
Social network: Family cohesion ¨ Perceived discrimination: Accumulates over time
Selection
Healthy immigrant effect: positively selected-in
Salmon bias: negatively selected-out
What is social exclusion?
Individuals or entire communities of people systematically denied full access to various rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of a different group
