Quiz 2 Flashcards

Question

Primitive reflexes

Answer 1

Automatic survival responses needed for health and safety of an infant Startle reflex

Answer 2

3rd trimester and persist after birth Usually integrate after first year

Answer 3

Time during brain maturation where exposure to stimuli have great effect on development and learning

Answer 4

Stroke the side of baby's face, child will turn head to the side stroked

Answer 5

Put finger into child's mouth and they will start to suck

Answer 6

Put something in baby's palm, child will hold onto it

Answer 7

Stroke top of foot on table, foot steps over table

Answer 8

Baby imitates motion of walking

Answer 9

Put finger under toes → toes curl

Answer 10

Stroke foot from heel to big toe → toes fan out and curl

Answer 11

Fencing reflex Head faces right → right arm and leg extend, left flex

Answer 12

Flexion ad extension phase Whatever the top half of the body does the bottom does the opposite Arms flex, and legs extend Legs flex and arms extend

Answer 13

Superman position Extend head and automatically legs and arms extend

Answer 14

Startle reflex Drop babies head or clapped loudly → baby will extend arms out, then bring them in

Answer 15

Reflexive grasp at birth Ineffective reach for objects, 3 months Voluntary grasp 3 months 2 handled palmar grasp, 3 months Begin grabbing with palmar grasp 5 months Controlled reach 6 months

Answer 16

Reaches and grasps Put objects in mouth Controlled release of objects Pick things up with a pincer grasp Transfers, objects from hand to hand Drops and picks up toys Raking grass, 8 months Fine pincer grasp 10 months Poking and pointing 12 months

Answer 17

Puts 4 rings on a stick Turns multiple pages in a book Scribbles Turns knobs Paints with whole arm Self-feeds Brings spoon to mouth Drinks from cup

Answer 18

Strings 4 beads Turns one page in a book Snips with scissors Holds crayon with thumb and fingers Uses dominant hand in most activities Imitates, circular, vertical and horizontal strokes Paints with some wrist action Roles, pounds, squeezes and pulls Play-Doh Eat independently

Answer 19

Copies circles Imitates cross Manipulates clay material Uses nondominant hand to assist and stabilize objects Snips paper using scissors

Answer 20

Cuts on line continuously Copies cross, and square Writes name in uppercase first Writes numbers one through five Copies letters Dresses and undresses independently

Answer 21

Cuts out simple shapes Copies triangle Colors within lines Uses three finger grasp of pencil Pastes and glues properly Can draw basic pictures Can follow multistep commands

Answer 22

Forms most letters and numbers correctly Writes consistently on the lines Demonstrates controlled pencil movement Can build Legos and blocks independently Can tie shoe laces

Answer 23

Occurs between 6 to 12 months Needed to prevent injury Falling forward 6-7months Falling sideways 7 - 10 months Falling backwards 9-12 months

Answer 24

Reflex responsible for correcting the position of the body in relation to the position of the head 3-4 months

Answer 25

Immediate rotation of the body in the direction to which the head is turned

Answer 26

Reflex that corrects the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position

Answer 27

Prone (on stomach) Lifts head 90 degrees, weight bears through lower chest and arms Supine (on back) Head in midline, flexes neck when pulled up to sitting

Answer 28

Prone: Props up on hands with neck and back extension, weight shift from upper to lower trunk and side to side Supine: Brings feet to mouth, moves to side lying

Answer 29

No longer likes to play in prone or supine Begins to crawl or Creep

Answer 30

Unable to sit without support Rounded back when sitting

Answer 31

Begins to sit independently Moves in and out of sitting position

Answer 32

Good sitting with extended back Uses both hands during play May begin to crawl or scoot

Answer 33

Only stepping reflex

Answer 34

Rolls prone to supine Pivots in prone Partial weight-bearing with supported standing

Answer 35

Full weight-bearing in supported standing Takes some steps with both hands held

Answer 36

Pull self up to standing Furniture cruising Can walk with one hand held

Answer 37

Takes first steps Begins to play with push toys

Answer 38

Permanent disorder of development of movement and posture Accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, behavior

Answer 39

Sensorimotor stage, Pre-operational stage, Concrete Operational Stage, Formal Operational stage

Answer 40

Schemes Assimilation Accommodation Organization Equilibrium Equilibration

Answer 41

Actions/mental representations that organize knowledge Behavioral schemes (physical activities) Whole mental schemes (cognitive activities)

Answer 42

Occurs when children use existing themes and schemes to deal with new Info or experiences

Answer 43

Children adjust their schemes to take new info and experiences into account

Answer 44

Children organize their experiences to make sense of the world

Answer 45

Children constantly assimilate and accommodate as they seek equilibrium -disequilibrium facilitates new way of thinking -problem solving is important, they need to figure it out on their own

Answer 46

The shift from one cognitive process stage to the next

Answer 47

0-2 yrs Child begins to interact with the environment Mostly sensory 6 stages: Simple reflexes, first habits/primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions/novelty/curiosity, internalization of schemes

Answer 48

First sensorimotor sub stage First month after birth Sensation and actions are coordinated through reflexive behavior

Answer 49

1-4 months Habits + repeating the habits Primary circular reaction: attempt to reproduce an event that happened by chance

Answer 50

4-8 months, 3rd stage Infant is object oriented Infant repeats actions because they like the consequences of them

Answer 51

8-12 months, 4th stage Intentionality arises Infant begins coordinating senses more outward

Answer 52

12-18 months, 5th stage Child is intrigued by many objects and things they can make happen to objects Beginning of curiosity and interest in novelty

Answer 53

18-24 months, 6th final stage Infant uses primitive symbols (internalized image or word that represents an event)

Answer 54

Objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or touched

Answer 55

Child will look for hidden toy where it was initially hidden not where it is actually hidden under Challenges the notion that certain processes are needed to graduate from one stage to the next

Answer 56

Infants are born with domain- specific innate knowledge systems (space, number sense, language)

Answer 57

Are pre-wired to allow infants to make sense of the world

Answer 58

Focusing of mental resources on select information 2/3 min/year of age = attention span

Answer 59

Focused attention Facilitates leaning and exploration 3 months: 5-10 seconds of sustained attention

Answer 60

Decreased response to a stimuli after repeated presentations

Answer 61

Increased responsiveness after a change in stimulation

Answer 62

2+ people focus on the same object or event One person directing another's attention Problems in joint attention early indictator of ASD

Answer 63

Memory without conscious recollection Memories of skills and automatic procedures

Answer 64

Conscious remembering of facts and experiences Not developed until 12 -24 months

Answer 65

Very little to none remembered first 0-3 yrs

Answer 66

Involves flexibility and adaptability Most common gestures: pointing, extending arm to show caregiver what their holding

Answer 67

Cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas Helps us generalize things

Answer 68

Produce endless number of meaningful sentences using a set of words and rules

Answer 69

5 months: know their names 13 months: understand 50 words but can’t talk until 18 months 2yrs: understand 200 words (vocabulary spurt)

Answer 70

Region in brain involved in speech production

Answer 71

Region in bran involved in language comprehensive

Answer 72

Rephrasing something the child said by question This expands the convo

Answer 73

Restating in a more linguistically stated form

Answer 74

Identifying names of objects

Answer 75

Slow consistent growth Elementary school years: 2-3 inches/year 5-7 lbs/year in middle-late childhood

Answer 76

Smoother and more coordinated movements Fine Motor girls >boys Gross Motor boys>girls

Answer 77

Can hammer, cut-paste, tie shoes, fasten Buckles

Answer 78

Hands become steadier, prefer pencils to crayons

Answer 79

Hands used independently, more precisely and with more ease Handwriting becomes smaller and more consistent

Answer 80

Learn to play intricate instruments Fine quality crafts Manipulate skills almost like adults

Answer 81

Lower incidence of obesity Attention, memory, cognitive inhibitory control Effortful, goal-directed thinking and behavior Creativity

Answer 82

Severe impairment in the ability to read and spell

Answer 83

Difficulty in handwriting

Answer 84

Developmental arithmetic disorder

Answer 85

Characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity Boys 2x more likely Poor inhibition, working memory, effective planning, deficit in theory of mind Ritalin/Adderall/exercise

Answer 86

Genetics Brain damage during prenatal/postnatal development Cigarette/alcohol use while pregnant High maternal stress during pregnancy Low birth weight Prefrontal thickening delay by 3 years Decreased/ delayed myelination in frontal lobe

Answer 87

Onset in the first 3yrs of life Deficiencies in social relationships, abnormalities in communication, restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior Deficits in cognitive processing More common in boys

Answer 88

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Federal law requires schools to serve educational needs of eligible students with disabilities regardless of disability severity

Answer 89

Individualized Education plan Specifically tailored for the disabled student

Answer 90

Least restrictive environment Setting as similar as possible to the one in which nondisabled children are educated

Answer 91

Ages 7-11 Child learns rules such as conservation Thinking is flawed by egocentrism and magical beliefs

Answer 92

Ability to order stimuli along a qualitative dimension Can sort things from big to small

Answer 93

Ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions Stick A > Stick B therefore A > C, C< B

Answer 94

Orchestrates function of other brain regions Coordinates the best neural connections for solving a problem Neural leader/Air-traffic control

Answer 95

Allows us to plan, focus our attention, remember and attend to different tasks at the same time Includes self regulation and meta cognition (thinking about thinking) 3 main areas: working memory, inhibitory control, mental flexibility

Answer 96

Ability to integrate important info for reasoning and guidance of decision making behavior Following multi step prompts (3 step commands) Bringing information to mind and working with/adapting it Children with learning difficulties often have working memory limitations

Answer 97

Ability to resist distraction /impulse Taking turns

Answer 98

The ability to adjust to denads and changes in the environment, or switch attention elsewhere if needed

Answer 99

Tasks involving 2 rules Redirect their attention Remember what they are doing/why

Answer 100

Conscious problem solving, multistep commands Can inhibit responses (marshmallow experient)

Answer 101

Only one solution

Answer 102

Many different answers

Answer 103

Knowing about knowing/ thinking about thinking knowledge about what strategies to use to solve a problem Involves planning, self-regulation, executive function

Answer 104

Verbal Mathematical Spatial Bodily/Kinesthetic Music Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist

Answer 105

Influences of genetics Environmental influences Group differences Culture fair tests

Answer 106

Avoid stereotyping and expectations Know IQ is not the sole indicator of competence Use caution when interpreting an overall IQ score

Answer 107

Begin to master skills earlier than peers, with less effort

Answer 108

Need little help or scaffolding from adults

Answer 109

Obsessive interest and ability to focus

Answer 110

Knowledge about language

Answer 111

Inappropriate vs. appropriate things to say “ I goed to the park “

Answer 112

Reading instruction should parallel children's natural language leaning Use context to guess the meaning of the word

Answer 113

Focuses on teaching children how to read and write by using letters and sounds to combine and form the whole word

Answer 114

When Immigrant children speak their native language at home, become bilingual at school, then speak only English, their bilingualism has a negative effect