quiz 2

Question 1

SST has increased by how much

Answer 1

0.88

Question 2

SST increased 0.6˚C since

Answer 2

1980

Question 3

SST likely to increase 0.86˚C under what scenario?

Answer 3

SSP1-2.6

Question 4

SST likely to increase 2.89˚C under what scenario?

Answer 4

SSP5-8.5

Question 5

Marine heatwaves have doubled since

Answer 5

1980s

Question 6

Global oceans are rising how many cms?

Answer 6

4cm per year

Question 7

GMSL rose 2.3mm per year since 1971-2018 and increased to ?? 2009-2018?

Answer 7

3.7mm per year

Question 8

GMSL rising faster in the west than eastern pacific (T/F)

Answer 8

True

Question 9

GMSL will rise by how much by 2050?

Answer 9

0.18m (SSP1-1.9), 0.23m (SSP5-8.5)

Question 10

GMSL will rise by how much by 2100

Answer 10

0.38m (LC), 0.77m (HC)

Question 11

Causes of the rising sea level

Answer 11

slow deep ocean circulation
marine ice sheets melting
warming of SST

Question 12

Climate change observations require

Answer 12

homogenous data sets
long term data sets
quality control

Question 13

Warmest year on record for australia was

Answer 13

2019

Question 14

Since 1980, Australia’s temp has been

Answer 14

????

Question 15

What are the strong trends in Australia’s climate?

Answer 15

Reduced rainfall in the south west and south east corners, and more rainfall in northern australia

Question 16

Snow climate is trending in what way (australia)

Answer 16

Decreasing snowfall, depth and snowdays.

Question 17

The EAC is

Answer 17

moving further south, making different species inhabit areas where they didnt before.

Question 18

There are going to more MHW but less intense (T/F)

Answer 18

false, theres going to more frequent and intense MHWs

Question 19

GMSL has risen how many cms since 1970

Answer 19

25cm

Question 20

Global seas have taken how much energy %

Answer 20

91% of extra energy caused by enhanced GHGs

Question 21

Average pH of water in Aus has increased or decreased

Answer 21

decreased by 0.12, making it slightly more acidic

Question 22

Rate of decreasing ocean pH has accelerated 0.02 per decade, how much faster than 1900-1960 and last 300 million years

Answer 22

5x faster then 1900-1960 and 10x faster in last 300 million years

Question 23

Northern Australia is trending

Answer 23

more rainfall, less TC more intense

Question 24

Central Australia is trending

Answer 24

hotter, more intense rainfall

Question 25

Southern Australia is trending

Answer 25

less mean rainfall in cooler seasons, increased droughts and aridity.

Question 26

Eastern Australia is trending

Answer 26

more extreme rainfall events, less mean rainfall. more droughts

Question 27

a small shift in climates makes a

Answer 27

big difference, 0.5˚C shifts global extremes

Question 28

Annual coldest temps

Answer 28

are increasing globally, especially in Northern America, South America and across Europe and Asia

Question 29

Land mean temp, annual hottest globally are

Answer 29

increasing, especially in Northern America, South America and across Europe

Question 30

Largest increases at poles are of

Answer 30

Annual minimum temperature changes

Question 31

El Nino and La Nina events have been

Answer 31

strongest since pre industrial

Question 32

Variability last 50 years of ENSO

Answer 32

has been unusually high compared with average variability

Question 33

El Nino events are likely to double (T/F)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What will occur in North America, Europe and Asia

Answer 34

Frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall and flooding will increase.

Question 35

TC category 3-5 have

Answer 35

increased over the past 4 decades

Question 36

MHW have increased frequency by how much

Answer 36

2x and more longest lasting, more intense and more extensive

Question 37

likely that ??-??% of MHW that occurred between 2006-2015 are attributable to ??

Answer 37

84-90% caused by anthrogenic temp increase

Question 38

Temperature extremes in Australia have recorded41 extremely hot days, 33 days nationally daily average over 39˚C. showing more heat waves less cold extremes (T/F)

Answer 38

True

Question 39

heavy fainfall and flooding in Australia has increased by %

Answer 39

10%

Question 40

SE Australia is expected to see more time in

Answer 40

drought, intense short duration rainfall events due to warmer atmosphere holding more water vapour

Question 41

TC in Australia aree

Answer 41

decreasing but more intense

Question 42

Fire season in Australia is

Answer 42

increasing due to decreased rainfall and increasing temps

Question 43

Hottest day on earth was at

Answer 43

Penrith Jan 4 2019 50 something ˚C

Question 44

Observed changes at species level are

Answer 44

changes in life cycles, pop sizes, distribution shifts, body size, genetic changes, behavioural changes and mortality

Question 45

Generally species are moving

Answer 45

poleward and upwards with global estimates of ~6 to ~16km/decade

Question 46

Snow gums are

Answer 46

Establishing higher elevations, invading subalpine grasslands.

Question 47

Coral bleaching events where greatest in

Answer 47

1998, 2002, 2016-17, 2019-20 and 2022

Question 48

More ocean acidification with a decline in calcification of

Answer 48

4.3 +/- 1.9% per year since 1970 > could be net dissolving by 2054

Question 49

The gulf of Carp has had ??Ha of ?? forest loss due to MHW

Answer 49

7400 Ha of mangrove forest decline due to MHW

Question 50

Most likely habitats likely to be at risk/

Answer 50

Montane areas, coastal fringe, low lying islands, cloud forests, regions of high endemicity and freshwater areas

Question 51

Water on earth is found mostly where

Answer 51

96.5% global oceans

Question 52

Of the remaining 3.5% of water, how much is freshwater?

Answer 52

2.5%

Question 53

What are the largest stores of freshwater?

Answer 53

Glaciers and icesheets accounting to 68.77% and 30.1% groundwater

Question 54

How many people find water scarce for at least 1 month per year?

Answer 54

2.7 billion :(

Question 55

Inadequate sanitation is a problem for how many people?

Answer 55

2.4 billion :(

Question 56

By 2025, ?? of worlds population may face water shortages

Answer 56

2/3 :(

Question 57

How much water used to make shirts and jeans

Answer 57

2700 L for shirts 9800 L for jeans

Question 58

Virtual water refers to

Answer 58

product not always being consumed in country of origin, exported to other countries creating global flow of virtual water.

Question 59

How thirsty is our food? whats the top 3 foods needing most water?

Answer 59

Bovine, Nuts and Sheep/goat meat

Question 60

Warmer atmosphere holds more water vapour and for every ˚C increase atmosphere temp, it can hold ??

Answer 60

6-7% more water vapour

Question 61

Water use in Australia is divided

Answer 61

67% agricultural, 22% urban and 11% industrial

Question 62

Surface water sources in Australia is

Answer 62

75%

Question 63

Ground water source in Australia is

Answer 63

20%

Question 64

Most severe droughts in Australia were

Answer 64

Federation drought (1895-1903) WW2 (1939-1945) Millennium (1997-2009) 2017-19

Question 65

The andes and glaciers have lost how much ice

Answer 65

30-50% of ice since 1970s

Question 66

Marine systems in Australia have warmed by ˚C

Answer 66

1˚C , SE warming most

Question 67

Ocean pH is at 8.1 reducing to ?? at worst case scenario

Answer 67

7.65 pH :(

Question 68

The ocean has taken up ??% of C02

Answer 68

30%

Question 69

SLR caused by thermal expansion has accounted for ??%

Answer 69

50%

Question 70

5 islands in Solomon islands have disappeared (T/F)

Answer 70

true

Question 71

Solomon islands has risen 7-10mm per year since 1993 (T/F)

Answer 71

True

Question 72

The pacific island fishing industry accounts to $7 billion (T/F)

Answer 72

False, $3 Billion

Question 73

Mangrove accretion is ?? with sea level

Answer 73

reducing

Question 74

mangroves cover how much land globally?

Answer 74

0.7-2.6%

Question 75

Mangroves contribute ??% of emissions from deforestation

Answer 75

3-19%, nearly 10x a boreal forest.