quiz 3 Flashcards by Joshua Middlemiss

greater than ?? live in urban areas worldwide

> 50%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F projected >70% of human population will live in urban areas by 2050 (+2.5 billion people)

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In australia greater than ?? live in urban areas

> 80%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

urbanisation is occurring in less developed urban regions

more rapidly, compared to rural regions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Asia has how many proportion living in urban areas

89%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

??,?? and?? are in place to ensure urban resilience

governance, financial and social systems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which SDG is aimed at sustainable urbanisation

SDG 11

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

climate impacts are felt unevenly in urban communities who are

socioeconomically disadvantaged

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F from 1983 to 2016 india and asia had highest heat exposure

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

50-75% of human population could be exposed to

periods of life threatening conditions from extreme heat and humidity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cities in ?? latitudes will experience ?? effects in urban areas compared to rural

mid latitudes, double the effects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

higher impacts of heat risks in

global south and coastal cities due to the urban heat island effect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the sendai framework outlines 7 global targets to be achieved by 2030. the substantial reductions include:

reduce global disaster mortality, number of affected people globally, direct economic loss in relation to GDP and disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the sendai framework outlines 7 global targets to be achieved by 2030. the substantial increases include:

increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reductions strategies, enhance international cooperation to developing of countries and increase the availability of and access to multi hazard early warning systems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heat risks have implications that effect

labour productivity (lower), higher levels of mortality with young children and elderly more vulnerable.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Western Sydney will experience 46 days per year over 35˚C by 2090 (T/F)

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Management of heat risks through

greening, increasing shade, education and awareness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Grass cover has greater heat reductions than tree canopy cover (T/F)

false, vegetation cover lowers land surface by 6˚C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flooding in european cities could increase by 10% for every ?? % increase in ?? surfaces

every 1% increase in impervious surfaces will increase flooding by 10%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aus cities will have ?? x increase in coastal flooding due to ?? m SLR

100x increase with 0.5m SLR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the black summer fires resulted in

34 lives lost, >2700 homes affected, $4.5 billion economic loss and insurance >$1.9 billion.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

over ?? deaths resulted from bushfire smoke

400 deaths

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

??/3 of cities worldwide may exhaust their ??? by 2050

1/3 cities worldwide exhaust water resources

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how many people will be exposed to water scarcity under 1.5˚C warming

350 million more people

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how many people will be exposed to water scarcity under 2˚C warming

410.7 million people

developed, industrialised countries have produced the majority ??

GHG emissions and have highest per capita emissions

per capita emissions: Saudia Arabia = US = Canada = Aus =

17.6 17.6 15.7 14.9

human vulnerability is influenced by

adaptive capacity of physical (built) structures, social processes and institutional structures

T/F existing vulnerabilities and inequalities intensify with adverse impacts of climate change

True

how many times increase is the observed average mortality from floods, droughts and storms?

15 x

Where are the most vulnerable countries/regions?

East, Central and West Africa South Asia Micronesia and Melansia Central America

How many people live in countries classified as vulnerable?

3.3 billion people

How many people live in countries classified as low vulnerability?

1.8 billion people

How many people live in low and lower middle income countries?

3.6 billion people

Regions exposed to what risk? are countries that rely on agriculture, natural resource extraction and outdoor workers

Heat

What impacts affect poor people

- reduction in agricultural yield - human health - food security - destruction of homes - loss of income

Some factors that affect ability to cope with climate related disasters include:

income, gender, race, class, political representation and mobility

livelihoods of the poor are more at risk by processes such as:

urbanisation, industrialisation, technological transformation, monetisation of rural economies, increasing reliance on wages and inequality at national and international levels.

Hurricane Maria worst recorded disaster in history causing an economic loss of

25-43 billion USD and 200,000 people migrating from Puerto Rico

by 2018 how many disasters have caused displacement?

1518 disasters

Where are the most refuges and camps for displacement in the world?

Central and West Africa

by 2050, more than ?? million people could be forced to migrate within their countries

140 million

How many people displaced by 2050 in Latin America, Sub Saharan and South Asia?

17 million 86 million 40 million

There isn't enough food produced to feed everyone? T/F

False, although there are 800 million people that go hungry

an increase of human hunger from 135 million (2019) to ?? (2022)

345 million

what percentage of population is at risk in Sub Saharan, South Asia and SE Asia.

80%

What are the 4 dimensions of food security?

Physical availability, economic and physical access, food utilisation and stability

Food needs to be

high quality, affordable and distributed reliably and fairly

Food systems are responsible for ?? of GHG emissions with ?? and ?? greatest impacts

1/3 of world GHG with methane and biodiversity loss impacts

Across SSP 1,2 and 3 crop and economic models projected a ?? increase in cereal price by 2050 because CC = higher prices

1-29%

low income consumers at most risk from food security. an increase of ???? million at risk of hunger

1-183 million people

Wheat will decrease where?

Central America and Africa

increased c02 will be beneficial for crop productivity and better nutritional value. T/F

False, it will make nutritional value worse

Wheat grown at 546-846 ppm C02 has how much less protein, zinc and iron?

5.9-12.7% less protein 3.7-6.5% less zinc 5.2-7.5% less iron

How many people will be affected by protein and zinc deficiency by 2050?

protein = 122 million zinc = 175 million

What kind of practices can be used to advance adaptation of water scarcity?

Efficient use less thirsty crops improve soil health

what percentage of food loss and waste?

25-30%

during 2010-2016 global food loss and waste equalled?

8-10% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions and cost about 1 trillion USD in 2012

?? of food never reaches human stomach

30-50%

Australians waste how much food?

20%

Food security in Australia means

dairy farmers need to relocate to cooler temps, reduction in grain production, sugarcane production influenced by SLR and tropical adapted grass are more prevalent in Northern Australia due to higher temps.

An overall reduction of agriculture in Australia by ??%

17%

a 9-10% decline by 2030 and ??-??% by 2050 of wheat, beef, dairy, sugar.

13-19%

??% drop in irrigated agriculture by ?? in MDB dye to reduced runoff; at 550 ppm 20% and 450ppm 6%

92% drop

cropping zones in australia are

moving closer to coast

Crop yields in Aus will decline where?

SW.WA, SA, VIC and S NSW

reduced rainfall will affect ?? growing regions and headwaters of Murrumbidgee

Core rice

the MDB uses how much water and supports how many people

70% and 2 million people

MDB produces a 1/3 of ?? and 40% of ?? production

domestic food supply and agricultural production

the millenium drought was the

lowest water levels in MDB ever recorded

after millenium drought, what persisted for 2 years

increased acidification

Irrigated rice, cotton and wheat declined?

99%, 86% and 12%

the greater the hazard and vulnerability

the greater the impact

Exposure to heatwaves are increasing last decade with ?? and ?? affected most

China (older populations) and India (younger populations)

vulnerability wont be the same for different countries around the world due to the

differing aged populations

indirect impacts are

mediated through natural systems, allergens, diseases and increased water/air pollution

Malaria causes 220 million cases per year with

greater temps and precipitation

dengue causes ?? per year

50 million cases

humidity can cause diseases to

increase or decrease

what region has highest malaria cases?

Africa

Northern Australia has increasing or decreasing malaria

decreasing

>10% of global GDP is accounted to what sector?

tourism

tourism provides 1 in ?? jobs

1 in 10

is tourism the largest movement of people and reliance on energy intensive modes of transport

yes

how much does tourism contribute to global emissions?

how much tourism global emissions is predicted by 2030

16% (double)

world travel and toursim council have signed the UN climate natural now initiative which aims to reduce tourism impacts by

2050

Long haul flights contribute how much C02 per person

1489 - 1754 kg

Cruises contribute how much C02 per person

1100 - 1600 kg

Tourism in australia contributes ??% GDP

3.4%

Tourism in aus is the ?? most valuable exported contributing

2nd most valuable, >$60 billion to economy.

how much workforce is employed in tourism sector

5.2%

the GBR is worth ?? and provides

~$6 billion and provides 60-70,000 jobs

US winter sports community generates $62 billion annually and supports how many jobs

965,000 jobs

lower snowfall per year results in estimated how many less visits

15.2 million less skiers and $1.07 billion in lost potential revenue

Northern hemisphere has lost

>1 million square km of spring snowpack since 1970

in aus, snow industry contributes how much money and jobs

>$2 billion pa and provides >20,000 jobs

CC shrinking snow season in aus by how many dats

80 days per year by 2050 and decrease depth by 80cm

annual carbon footprint for tourism increased ?? to ??

3.9 to 4.5 Gt C02

??% of aviation emissions are from air space

60%

What does reinsurance create?

economic stability, reducing volatility loses.

first insurance contract was in

1842 for a fire

the two largest insurers are

swiss re and munich re

What countries recorded costliest insurance industry events

germany, belgium, austria, luxemberg and china

c02 levels are at

410 ppm about 40% more than maximum experienced in last 800,000 years

australia is warming on average since 1900

~1.4˚C

a 1 in 50 year heatwave will occur roughyl every 6 years, 3-4 years and every year at

1.5˚, 2˚ and 4˚C

a 1 in 10 year daily rainfall event will be

10% heavier at 1.5˚C 14% heavier at 2˚C 30% at 4˚C