Quiz 2

Question 1

What is the most common cause of a TBI for an infant?

Answer 1

Abuse/neglect

Question 2

Most common cause of TBI for high school age?

Answer 2

Motor vehicle accident

Question 3

What are the 2 major categories for TBIs?

Answer 3

Open and closed

Question 4

What are examples of anoxic brain injuries?

Answer 4

Drowning, strangulation, smoke inhalation, carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 5

What are 2 secondary effects of a closed brain injury?

Answer 5

bleeding, swelling

Question 6

What predicts the outcome of a TBI?

Answer 6

Age, previous level of functioning, severity, coma, post-traumatic amnesia

Question 7

What is the lowest score on the GCS?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

What is the GCS classification of a severe brain injury?

Answer 8

3-8

Question 9

What is the brain cell that prevents healing of the axon?

Answer 9

Astrocyte

Question 10

What is it called when the brain is capable of axonal sprouting?

Answer 10

Neuroplasticity

Question 11

What is the most common cause of concussions?

Answer 11

Car accidents

Question 12

What is the most common age group to get concussions?

Answer 12

under 4 years old

Question 13

Which youth sport has the highest concussion rate?

Answer 13

Female soccer

Question 14

Which response can be seen after a moderate TBI?

Answer 14

Fencing response

Question 15

What force causes more diffuse damage and is more likely to cause a DAI?

Answer 15

Rotational force

Question 16

The signs and symptoms of a concussion are the result of?

Answer 16

An energy crisis

Question 17

What are red flags after a person has a suspected concussion?

Answer 17

severe headache, drowsiness, seizures, decreased LOC, confusion, numb limbs, slurred speech, fluid from ears, black eyes, vomiting, memory loss before injury

Question 18

The energy crisis in a concussion is due to restricted blood flow from which ions rushing into/out of the cell?

Answer 18

Potassium rushing out and calcium rushing in

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter spikes at the synaptic junctions after a concussion?

Answer 19

Glutamate

Question 20

Most concussions resolve in how long?

Answer 20

7-10 days

Question 21

What is it called when symptoms persist for months/years after the incident?

Answer 21

Post concussion syndrome

Question 22

How long should a person wait before returning to sports after a concussion?

Answer 22

30 days

Question 23

What is the most effective treatment for a concussion?

Answer 23

Education and reassurance, light aerobic activity

Question 24

Which test can be administered on the sideline if concussion is suspected?

Answer 24

SCAT

Question 25

What test determines the level of cardiovascular stress to start exercise at?

Answer 25

Buffalo treadmill test

Question 26

What law ensures coaches have concussion training?

Answer 26

Rowan's law

Question 27

What is the most common cause of a SCI?

Answer 27

tumors, growths, stroke, car accidents

Question 28

The most common area of SCI to cause paraplegia?

Answer 28

Thoracic area

Question 29

What is the descending tract that carries motor info?

Answer 29

corticospinal tract

Question 30

What type of force leads to anterior cord syndrome?

Answer 30

Hyperflexion

Question 31

What are the 4 types of incomplete spinal injuries?

Answer 31

Central cord syndrome, anterior cord syndrome, posterior cord syndrome, brown sequard syndrome

Question 32

A grade 3 muscle test is?

Answer 32

The muscle can move the joint against gravity through full ROM

Question 33

C6 tests which myotomes

Answer 33

biceps/brachioradialis

Question 34

L5 tests which muscles?

Answer 34

tibialis anterior

Question 35

what is a radiculopathy?

Answer 35

a nerve root process

Question 36

what is "A" on the ASIA scale?

Answer 36

complete

Question 37

Neurogenic shock involves which chain?

Answer 37

Sympathetic chain

Question 38

what is a cause of brown-sequard?

Answer 38

penetrating trauma

Question 39

what level does autonomic dysreflexia occur at?

Answer 39

T6 and above

Question 40

what level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 40

L1/L2, called conus medullaris

Question 41

what are leading causes of death following SCI?

Answer 41

pneumonia, embolus, septicemia

Question 42

what is a cause of autonomic disfunction?

Answer 42

any disease that damages the sympathetic/parasympathetic NS (ex. diabetes, parkinsons)

Question 43

What are signs of autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer 43

high bp, headaches, sweating, facial erythma, goosebumps, blurred vision

Question 44

what do you do for autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer 44

check for bladder or bowel obstruction

Question 45

what type of breathing should someone who is C1-4 quad learn?

Answer 45

glossopharyngeal

Question 46

what are the myotomes?

Answer 46

C5- deltoid C6- biceps C7- triceps C8- FDS (wrist flexors) T1- DABs (finger abductors) L2- iliopsoas (hip flexors) L4- quadricep L5- tibialis anterior (foot dorsiflexion) S1- gastrocnemius (foot plantarflexion)