Quiz 3

Question 1

Adult onset dystonia usually involves which part of the body?

Answer 1

Neck and facial muscles

Question 2

Which axis is based on the cause of dystonia?

Answer 2

Axis II

Question 3

Focal dystonia affecting which part of the body is most common?

Answer 3

Cervical dystonia

Question 4

Which type of focal dystonia is second most common and causes eyelids to clench shut?

Answer 4

Blepharospasm

Question 5

Which part of the brain is most affected in dystonia?

Answer 5

Basal ganglia (midbrain)

Question 6

What treatment is an injection to temporarily halts release of ACh?

Answer 6

Botox

Question 7

Which surgical procedure involves placement of an electrode in the midbrain?

Answer 7

deep brain stimulation

Question 8

Which irregular movement makes it appear as if the person is dancing?

Answer 8

Chorea

Question 9

People develop this type of chorea after rheumatic fever (complication of strep throat)?

Answer 9

Sydenham’s chorea

Question 10

This disease is an autosomal dominant inheritable disease with the main sign of chorea

Answer 10

Huntington chorea

Question 11

Huntington’s is due to a chromosomal abnormality leading to a mutant protein called?

Answer 11

Huntingtin

Question 12

Which movement disorder is caused by damage to the basal ganglia and involves the proximal muscles, which may occur on one or both sides of the body?

Answer 12

Hemiballismus/ ballismus

Question 13

This cerebellar condition is characterized by poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements

Answer 13

Ataxia

Question 14

Which type of tremor is most common in parkinson’s?

Answer 14

Resting/ pill rolling tremor

Question 15

Which movement disorder involves involuntary writhing movements which may be continuous, slow and rolling?

Answer 15

Athetosis

Question 16

Which movement disorder involves painful muscle contractions and spasms that often begin in the legs and back?

Answer 16

Stiff person syndrome

Question 17

In stiff person syndrome, the body develops antibodies which limit the production of which neurotransmitter?

Answer 17

GABA

Question 18

Which condition is caused by an accumulation of a protein a-synuclein which leads to progressive deterioration of brain?

Answer 18

MSA (multiple system atrophy)

Question 19

Which disorder is caused by a build up of tau proteins leading to plaques in the brain? Early signs are falling backward and vertical gaze

Answer 19

PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy)

Question 20

Which disorder can lead to many organs being affected, persistent tremors and prevents getting rid of excess copper?

Answer 20

Wilson’s disease

Question 21

Which type of epilepsy is most common and localized to one part of the brain?

Answer 21

Focal epilepsy

Question 22

Restless leg syndrome is due to an imbalance of which neurotransmitter?

Answer 22

Dopamine

Question 23

To be diagnosed with this condition a person must have vocal and motor tics for at least a year

Answer 23

Tourette’s

Question 24

What is the function of dopamine?

Answer 24

It’s a pleasure hormone that calms the nervous system

Question 25

What is the function of GABA?

Answer 25

calms the nervous system

Question 26

where is most dopamine produced?

Answer 26

Basal ganglia/ midbrain

Question 27

which system consists of basal ganglia working with cerebellum to inhibit unwanted movements?

Answer 27

Extrapyramidal

Question 28

What are possible causes of parkinson's?

Answer 28

Idiopathic, toxic exposure, arteriosclerotic, drug induced, repetitive brain trauma

Question 29

With parkinson's, the gamma system is constantly stimulated which leads to enlarged _____ causing rigidity.

Answer 29

muscle spindles

Question 30

What are common signs of parkinson's?

Answer 30

Resting tremor, festinating gait, poor protective reflexes, rigidity, unstable balance, slow shuffling steps

Question 31

Which glial cells provide support and nutrition to neurons?

Answer 31

Astrocytes

Question 32

Which glial cells myelinate axons in the CNS?

Answer 32

Oligodendrocytes

Question 33

What are common signs of MS?

Answer 33

Sensory and optic neuritis, paresthesia, fatigue, numbness, weakness, pain, incontinence, ataxia, cognitive impairment

Question 34

What are 2 diagnostic criteria for MS?

Answer 34

2 separate attacks (24h) one month apart, detectable damage to myelin of CNS

Question 35

Which countries have high rates of MS?

Answer 35

Canada (highest), europe, new zealand, northern US, UK, scandinavia

Question 36

What are causes of MS?

Answer 36

Idiopathic, low vitamin D, viral, environmental toxins

Question 37

MS plaques are most common in which areas?

Answer 37

Basal ganglia, optic nerve, 3rd and 4th ventricles, midbrain, pons, spinal cord

Question 38

What is the most common type of MS?

Answer 38

relapsing remitting

Question 39

in benign MS what is the most common symptom?

Answer 39

visual

Question 40

Which virus has been found in a high percent of people with MS? Which vitamin are they deficient in?

Answer 40

Epstein barre virus, vitamin D

Question 41

What are causes of ALS?

Answer 41

Idiopathic, autoimmune attack in CNS against motor neurons, excitotoxicity (too much glutamate)

Question 42

What is the survival time in ALS?

Answer 42

2-5 years

Question 43

What is another name for ALS?

Answer 43

Lou Gehrig's disease

Question 44

Who discovered ALS?

Answer 44

Charcot

Question 45

Which neurotransmitter is involved in excitotoxicity with ALS?

Answer 45

glutamate

Question 46

Which 2 organelles can be dysfunctional with ALS?

Answer 46

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum

Question 47

What medication is used to treat ALS?

Answer 47

Rilutech

Question 48

Which neurons are affected with ALS?

Answer 48

motor neurons

Question 49

Which nerves are affected with guillian barre?

Answer 49

Lower motor neurons (PNS)

Question 50

what are 2 blood product treatments for GBS?

Answer 50

plasma flush and immunoglobulin

Question 51

class 1 myasthenia gravis involves which body part?

Answer 51

the eyes

Question 52

MG causes a dramatic reduction of which receptors?

Answer 52

ACh

Question 53

post polio syndrome is due to burning out of enlarged _____?

Answer 53

motor units

Question 54

what modality can be used to assist diagnosis of PPS, ALS, and GBS?

Answer 54

EMG

Question 55

thoracic outlet syndrome involves compression of which arteries/veins?

Answer 55

subclavian/ brachial plexus

Question 56

a cause of TOS may be tightness of which 2 muscles?

Answer 56

anterior scalene and pec minor

Question 57

what radial artery vascular tests help diagnose TOS?

Answer 57

allen, adson, wright

Question 58

carpal tunnel syndrome involves compression of which nerve?

Answer 58

median nerve

Question 59

Bell's palsy affects which cranial nerve?

Answer 59

cranial nerve 7 (facial nerve)

Question 60

post hepatic neuralgia occurs in people who have had?

Answer 60

chickenpox

Question 61

a cause of diabetic neuropathy is?

Answer 61

high blood sugar

Question 62

Erb's palsy involves traction injury to which part of the brachial plexus?

Answer 62

upper, C5-C6

Question 63

why are females more likely to develop piriformis syndrome?

Answer 63

wider pelvis leading to larger Q angle

Question 64

piriformis syndrome may be caused by this variation to the sciatic nerve

Answer 64

nerve goes through piriformis muscle instead of under

Question 65

the nerve affected in tarsal tunnel syndrome is?

Answer 65

tibial nerve

Question 66

the nerve affected in cubital tunnel syndrome is?

Answer 66

ulnar nerve

Question 67

cranial nerve affected in trigeminal neuralgia is?

Answer 67

trigeminal nerve, cranial nerve 5