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QUIZ 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ways to practice gratitude and forgiveness?

A

Write a letter
Gratitude jar
Remember a time you were forgiven

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2
Q

REACH intervention

A

Recall- bring to mind the event and your emotions
Empathy- understand perspective of person who hurt you
Altruistic- engage in the act of extending forgiveness
Commit- commit to forgiveness
Hold- maintain the commitment

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3
Q

Forgiveness

A

Process of reducing negative emotions, thoughts, and motivations toward a person who caused you harm

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4
Q

Reasons its hard to express gratitude

A

Misjudging how the person will react
Assuming they already know

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5
Q

types of gratitude interventions

A

Counting blessings
Gratitude letter or visit

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6
Q

What affects how people show gratitude

A

Genes
Neural differences

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7
Q

When are people most likely to express gratitude

A

When they perceive that they benefit from something which they do not have control

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8
Q

Witnessing effect

A

Those who witness someone else express gratitude may facilitate the same behaviors

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9
Q

Perspective taking

A

Ability to perceive, understand and inhabit the experiences of someone outside of ourselves

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10
Q

What are the two kinds of gratitude

A

Relatively long lasting and stable trait
Transient emotional experience

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11
Q

Gratitude as a trait

A

Tendency to easily experience appreciation, be aware of life’s abundance, acknowledge good in ones life

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12
Q

Gratitude as transient experience

A

People report how grateful or thankful they feel in the moment

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13
Q

Alkozeis 2 models of gratitude

A

Cognitive model of gratitude
Psychosocial model of gratitude

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14
Q

Cognitive model of gratitude

A

Increased, conscious awareness of the good things in ones life

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15
Q

Psychosocial model of gratitude

A

Gratitude leas to increase pro social behaviors and social support

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16
Q

Six ways to deal with someone who has wronged you?

A

Think about forgiveness
Remember yo have options
Get ready to forgive
Consider shortcuts
Rely on evidence based interventions (REACH)
Forgive event he hard to forgive

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17
Q

Self-efficacy

A

A persons belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation

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18
Q

Who described self-efficacy beliefs to be determinants of how people think, behave, and feel

A

Albert Bandura

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19
Q

Injustice gap

A

An ongoing subjective tally of how much perceived injustice is attached to each hurt or offense

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20
Q

What does Albert Banduras social cognitive theory emphasize in determining a personality

A

Role of observational learning
Social experience
Reciprocal determination

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21
Q

Banduras four major sources of self-efficacy

A

Mastery experiences
Social modeling
Social persuasion
Psychological responses

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22
Q

Ways to build self-efficacy

A

Celebrate your success
Observe others
Seem positive affirmations
Pay attention to thoughts and emotions

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23
Q

Dollars and miller frustration aggression hypothesis

A

Frustration tends to arise when people experience an interference with the occurrence of an instigated goal

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24
Q

Core projects

A

The most important goals in our lives according to Little
Those that are more resistant to change, most connect to other projects, how valued it is by the person

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25
The difficulty of goals
People receive a stronger positive emotional kick from accomplishing goals they think are more difficult that’s others
26
Approach goals
Involve attaining, achieving, or increasing something
27
Avoidance goals
Avoiding, stopping, or reducing something
28
Why can avoidance goals be problematic
No set end point Focus on negative things that we’re trying to prevent
29
Specific goals
The more specific goals are the more tangible they feel
30
Abstract goals
The more abstract goals are the more they reflect general aims that transcend specific situations and apply to multiple contexts
31
Intrinsic goals
Goals that satisfy our deepest needs and values, personal growth and interpersonal closeness
32
Extrinsic goals
Those that primarily lead to external rewards and approval like wealth, status, or fame
33
Expectancies
Beliefs about the probability of something occurring in the future
34
It or H Vroom expectancy theory of motivation
People tend to most vigorously engage in goal directed actions when 3 conditions are met
35
What are the 3 conditions vroom is talking about
Performance expectancy Outcome expectancy Valance of the outcome
36
Performance expectancy
People must expect they can effectively execute and intended behavior
37
Utcome expectancy
People must expect their behavior will lead to a certain result
38
valenceof the outcome
People must believe that a result is desirable
39
Optimism
The tendency to emphasize or think of the good part in a situation rather than the bad part
40
dispositional optimism
Tendency to believe that outcomes in ones life will be positive, favorable, or desirable
41
Learned helplessness
State in which an organism learns that its actions have no effect on outcomes in a situation
42
hope
Real tates to our expectations of the future
43
Snyder hope theory shares what three things
Goals p Pathways Agency
44
Goal
Anything that an individual wants to get done, or accomplish. Can be large or small
45
Pathways
Plan or strategy that people believe will lead to a goal
46
Agency
The thoughts that people have regarding their ability to begin and continue movements toward those goals
47
unrealistic optimism/optimism bias
Positive expectancies can backfire when they stray too far from realtiy
48
John Henryism
The tendency to respond actively to stressors with the expectation that determination and hard work will lead to success
49
Ways to practice optimism and hope
Change your explanatory style Map out your pathways Hopeful daydreaming
50
What did artistotle believe character could be broken down into
A collection of virtues
51
Grandfather of positive psychology
Donald Clifton
52
Clifton definitions of talent s
Naturally recurring patterns of though, feeling, or behavior that can be productively applied
53
Peterson and Selma son values in action (VIA)
Talent lacks moral dimension, they believe is central to good charater
54
Virtues
Core characteristics values by philosophers and religious leaders across time and word cultures
55
Peterson and Seligmans 6 virtues
Wisdom Courage Humanity Justice Temperance Transcendence
56
Peterson and seligmans criteria for something to be considered a character strengths
Fulfilling Morally valued Never hurt other people Clear oppposite Must be trait-like Shouldn’t overlap with other strengths Consensual paragons Have prodigies Absent for some people Encouraged by society
57
Social desirability bias
Tendency to answer questions in a way that others will view favorable
58
value
A belief regarding what kinds of goals are preferable to other s
59
Rokeach seperated values into two types
Terminal and instrumental
60
terminal values
Outcomes that people strive to actuality in the world
61
Instrumental values
Represent preferred modes of behavior
62
Schwartz values circumflex
Openness to change Self-enhancement Conservation Self-transcendence
63
Selection bias
Results could be biased off of the method used to recruit participants
64
Ways to practice identifying strengths
Strength spotting Positive introduction Use a strengths
65
Wisdom
Cognitive strengths involving acquisition and use of knowledge
66
Courage
Emotional strengths that exercises the will to accomplish goals it he face of obstacles
67
Humanity
Interpersonal strengths that involves tending and befriending other s
68
Justice
Civic strengths that underlie healthy community life
69
temperance
Strengths that protect against excess
70
What is the 4 phase treatment
Recognize and express emotion Consider what it is like to forgive Commit to forgiveness Find meaning the in the victims pain

Stupid Happiness And Wellbeing (4 decks)

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