QUIZ 2

Question 1

this arises when individuals percieve a discrepancy between the demands placed upon them and their available coping resources

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

what responses does stress leads into?

Answer 2

emotional and behavioral responses

Question 3

two types of stress

Answer 3

eustress
distress

Question 4

stress that can enhance motivation and performance

Answer 4

eustress

Question 5

excessive or prolonged exposure to stressors can result in negative physical and mental health outcomes

Answer 5

distress

Question 6

this model describes the physiological responses of an organism to prolonged stress and explains how the body attempts to adapt to continuous or severe stressors

Answer 6

hans selye’s theory of systemic stress: general adaptation syndrom (GAS)

Question 7

selye’s theory of systemic stress: general adaptation syndrome

Answer 7

this model describes the physiological responses of an organism to prolonged strees and explains how the body attenpts tonadapt to continuous or severe stressors

Question 8

stress according to selye in GAS theory

Answer 8

strees is not inherently harmful but rather a fundamental biological process that can either promote resilience or lesd to physical snd psychological deterioration

Question 9

three (3) stages of GAS that illustrate the body’s progressive response to achieve homeostasis

Answer 9

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

Question 10

alarm stage of GAS

Answer 10

body’s immediate response to a percieved stressor

hypothalamus activates sympathetic nervous system –> release of hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol –> fight or flight response (preparing the body for action

Question 11

the purpose of fight or flight response

Answer 11

the body’s way of preparing to respond to the challenge

Question 12

resistance stage of GAS

Answer 12

the body attempts to adapt by engaging in a sustained physiological efforts to counteract the effects of stress

cortisol is up and sustained, energy depletes

Question 13

exhaustion stage of GAS

Answer 13

• unability to recover from prolonged stress, making the individual vulnerable to physical and psychological disorders
• energy reserves are depleted
  pyschological disorder - anxiety, depression, and burnout

Question 14

theory developed by richard lazarus and susan folkman

Answer 14

the transactional theory of stresd and coping

Question 15

what is transactional theory of stress and coping all about?

Answer 15

explains how individuals experience, interpret, and respond to stress

Question 16

what is so “transactional” about the transactional theory of stress?

Answer 16

it is transactional because it views stress as an ongoing, dynamic interaction between an individual and their environment, rather than a fixed biological response

Question 17

stress according to transactional theory os stress and coping

Answer 17

stress is not merely an external force acting uponn a person, but rather a cognitive and emotional process that depends on individual perception and coping mechanisms

Question 18

relate theory of systemic stress: general adaptation sydrome and transactional theory of stress and coping

Answer 18

the transactional theory of stress and coping challenges the general adaptation syndrome, which is primarily focused on the body’s automatic responses to stressors

however, lazarus and golkman emphasized that stress is subjective - what one person finds stressful, thers might not

Question 19

transactional theory: process of of evaluating whether an event is stressful and deciding how to respond

Answer 19

cognitive appraisal

Question 20

proposition if transactional model
(clue: definition of stress)

Answer 20

stress arises when an individual percieves that the demands of a situation exceed their personal coping resources

stress is not an inherent property of an event but instead shaped by an individual’s interpretstion of the event

Question 21

challenge vs threat vs harm/loss

Answer 21

challenge - individuals believe they can handle the situation with effort and skill
threat - anticipates potential harm in the future
harm/loss - damage has already been experienced

Question 22

two key types of cognitive appraisal

Answer 22

primary appraisal - determining the nature of the stressor
secondary appraisal- evaluating coping resources

Question 23

what is primary appraisal all about?

Answer 23

determining the nature of the stressor
it’s significance to the individual

three (3) categories of assessment of significance:

irrelevant - no impact
benign-positive - neutral or even beneficial
stressful - challenge, threat, or harm/loss

Question 24

what is secondary appraisal all about

Answer 24

evaluating coping resources
if an event is appraised as stressful, the individual the. assesses their available coping resources, involving:

internal resources (problem-solving, emotional resilience)
external resources (social support, financial security)

Question 25

is a biologically based framework that categorizes personality into three broad dimensions

Answer 25

hans eyesenck's pen model of personality

Question 26

three broad dimensions of personality acc. to hands eyesenck

Answer 26

(E) extraversion (N) neuroticism (P) psychoticism

Question 27

where is hans eyesenck's theory grounded?

Answer 27

in the idea that personality traits arise from genetic and physiological factors, influencing an individual's behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes

Question 28

explain extraversion

Answer 28

sociable, outgoing, and energetic vs introverted, reserved, and introspective

Question 29

explain neuroticisim

Answer 29

emotional stability vs instability high neuroticism - mood swings, anxiety, and stress low neuroticism - emotional resilience and stability this trait is linked to the activity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) more relevant to anxiety and stress neurotic individuals are more susceptible in classical conditioning

Question 30

explain psychoticism

Answer 30

aggression, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior high psychoticism - lack of empathy and high levels of testosterone

Question 31

information processing theory of anxiety

Answer 31

explains how anxious individuals process information differently from non-anxious individuals

Question 32

anxiety according to information processing theory

Answer 32

this theory suggests that anxiety influences the way people percieve, interpret, and respond to dtimuli in the environment. it posits that individuals exhibit attentinal biased, memory distortions, and cognitive misinterpretations anxiety disrupts perception, attention, memory, and decision making by altering the way information is filtered and interpreted