Quiz 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Homozygous
A trait that has the same alleles
Heterozygous
A trait that has different alleles
Dominant
Trait that is most likely to occur
Recessive
A trait that must be homozygous to appear
Genotype
The combination of alleles for a trait (represented by a letter)
Phenotype
The physical description of the type
Monohybrid
A genetic problem looking at only one trait
Law of segregation
Alleles are separated during mitosis
Allele
A different form of gene
Hybrid
Heterozygous for a trait
True breeding
Homozygous for a trait
P Generation
Parent generation
F1 Generation
Offspring
Monohybrid crosses
Experiments done by Mendel where they crossed two true breeding peas that had the same trait but a differed form of the trait (tall and short stem), they only monitored one trait at a time
YY
Two capitals = Homozygous Dominant
Yy
One capital, one lowercase = Heterozygous Dominant
yy
Two lowercases = Homozygous Recessive
Punnet Square
Used to determine the genotype of the offspring
Test cross
A cross between an unknown genotype for a trait and an individual that is homozygous Recessive for that trait
Dihybrid crosses
-Looking at two traits at the same time
-Crosses two opposite true breeding plants
Dihybrid F1 generation
Always displays the dominant of both traits
Dihybrid F2 generation
-Has a mix of four phenotypes
-Ratio close to 9:3:3:1
Law of independent assortment
In dihybrid crossing when the two traits have no influence on one another
What was not discovered during Mendel’s experiment?
Meiosis and the existence of chromosones
