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Grade 11 > Sociology Unit Test > Flashcards

Sociology Unit Test Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is sociology?

A

The scientific study of human social behaviour, including individuals, groups, and societies.

Sociology examines how people act in group situations as well as the development and structure of human society and how it works.

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3
Q

Why is objectivity important in sociology research?

A

Sociologists must stick to the facts and avoid making judgments (bias).

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4
Q

Give examples of sociology topics.

A
  • Gender roles
  • Family structures
  • Race issues
  • Religion
  • Education
  • Economic classes
  • Criminal behaviour
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5
Q

What is socialization?

A

A lifelong process through which we learn all the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to survive and prosper in society.

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6
Q

What role does socialization play in identity development?

A

Through socialization, a person develops their identity.

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7
Q

What are the two types of socialization?

A
  • Primary Socialization
  • Secondary Socialization
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8
Q

What is primary socialization?

A

Learning the basic skills needed to survive in society, such as language and hygiene.

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9
Q

What is secondary socialization?

A

Learning how to function in groups and behave appropriately in groups, such as at school.

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10
Q

Who is the primary agent of socialization?

A

The family.

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11
Q

What do secondary agents of socialization include?

A
  • School
  • Peer groups
  • Media
  • Workplace
  • Religion
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12
Q

Define ‘sex’ in the context of gender.

A

Biological and physical characteristics that define someone as male or female.

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13
Q

Define ‘gender’ in the context of socialization.

A

Roles, actions, behaviours, and attitudes that society considers appropriate for males and females.

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14
Q

How is gender described in sociology?

A

Gender is socially constructed, meaning it is created by society.

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15
Q

What are gender roles?

A

Commonly taught behaviours according to one’s gender from birth, based on accepted norms of masculine and feminine behaviour.

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16
Q

What are examples of gender roles?

A
  • Girls play with dolls
  • Boys play with cars
  • Women are sensitive
  • Men are emotionally strong
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17
Q

What is abnormal socialization?

A

When children are raised in neglectful or abusive environments, missing crucial early socialization.

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18
Q

What are ‘feral’ or ‘isolated’ children?

A

Feral - Children raised in closed proximity to animals, gaining animal-like characteristics (Ukranian dog girl - scared of humans, walked on all fours, barked)
Isolated - Children who have been completely deprived of social interaction (Genie - Strapped to a potty, left in dark room, could not walk or talk)

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19
Q

What are the two components of the nature vs nurture debate?

A
  • Nature - genetics: the genes we inherit from our parents
  • Nurture - environment: parental influence, culture, social circumstances we are exposed to
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20
Q

How do social scientists study nature vs nurture?

A

By researching identical twins raised apart to examine the influence of genetics and environment.

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21
Q

What is a social group?

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A

Two or more individuals who interact, share similar characteristics, and have a sense of unity.

22
Q

What are helicopter parents?

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A

Overly involved and concerned parents who frequently intervene in their child’s life.

23
Q

What is a gang?

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A

An organized group often based on race, money-making activities, or territory that provides identity and protection.

24
Q

Why do youth join gangs?

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A
  • Looking for connection
  • Need for identity
  • Need for money and necessities
  • Media glorification of gangs
25
What is conformity?
When an individual changes thoughts, feelings, and behaviour to meet group expectations.
26
What factors increase conformity?
* Larger group size * Lower self-esteem * High-status groups
27
What did the Asch Conformity Line Experiment demonstrate?
Individuals conform to avoid criticism or because they believe others are right.
28
List pros of conformity.
* Creates new positive habits * Increases comfort in social settings * Aids in adapting to culture * Helps with efficiency
29
List cons of conformity.
* Can lead to dangerous situations * Results in a lack of individuality * Makes manipulation easier * Encourages bad habits
30
What is groupthink?
The collective pressure that silences opposing opinions within a group.
31
Define obedience.
The act of doing what one is told or submitting to authority.
32
What is the Bystander Effect?
The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in emergencies when in a large group. *Can occur out of fear *Can occur if everyone thinks someone else will step in
33
What are cults?
Extremist religious groups outside of dominant culture with strict beliefs and a charismatic leader.
34
What are the methods used by cults for control? (BITE)
* Behaviour control * Information control * Thought control * Emotional control
35
Define prejudice.
An unfavourable belief or judgment about members of a particular group without sufficient knowledge.
36
What is a stereotype?
A simplified belief based on judging all members of a group by the behaviours of a few.
37
What is discrimination?
Actions taken against individuals or groups based on characteristics such as race or gender.
38
What are the forms of discrimination?
* Systemic Discrimination * Unofficial Discrimination * Harassment * Genocide
39
What are common bases for discrimination?
* Race * Religion * Gender * Sexual orientation * Disability * Age
40
Mass Grief
A large group of people or community grieving over a shared experience of loss or sorrow
41
Expressive Crowd
A group of people displaying a lot of emotions
42
Deviance
A person going against the norms of society
43
Alienation
A person feeling isolated or being seen as an outcast and left out of the group
44
Causes of Prejudice
-Lack of sufficient knowledge of a group or person -Taught by someone -Fear -Suspicion -Economic recession may cause Prejudice against immigration
45
Nurses obedience study
A "doctor" called the nurses to tell the to give an unknown drug t a patient at an even higher dose than labelled safe
46
Kitty Genovese Study
Kitty was attacked and killed on her way home to her apartment, there were 38 bystanders all of which did nothing to help/intervene *sparks the study of the bystander effect
47
Conflict Theory
To study how power forms the basis of relationships between different groups and creates social conflict
48
Structural Functionalism
To study how social structures function to serve the needs of society
49
Myth vs Realities of gangs
Myths: *Loyalty *Can leave whenever you please Realities: *Easily replaceable/leave if you are caught or will snitch on you *Leaving tax, your source of income, you know too much, may be killed
50
Jonestown - Cult
Leader - Jim Jones How it happened - *Jim Jones created a religious movement fought for civil rights in America *People liked him and he began seeing himself as a superhuman but became paranoid *Convinced over 1000 followers to move to a remote jungle in Guyana to "build a new world" *Followers overworked and underfed *Jones believed in revolutionary suicide and that people should be willing to die for their cause *A congressman was worried and came to investigate, when he left he took 15 people who wanted out, who were then gunned down at the airfield including the congressman *Jones had a last meeting where he said "lets be done with this world" and served a punch filled with cyanide, killing 900 people including 300 children *Many people were forcibly injected with the poison *Jones shot himself
51
Three Identical Strangers
Similarities in Nature: *Mannerisms *Behaviours *Mental health issues Differences in Nurture: *David had the least educated family, his father was a blue collar worker, but was very proud of his son no matter what Bobby had an upper class family, his father was a busy doctor, but was still very devoted to his family *Eddie had a middle class family, his father was a teacher, very strict and the boss of the house, did not have a strong relationship
52
Ethical Guidelines
*Those being studied must freely give consent *May not commit fraudulent activity under the guise of research *Must publish findings *Respect citizens right to privacy

Grade 11 (6 decks)

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