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Nutrition > Quiz 2 (2-3) > Flashcards

Quiz 2 (2-3) Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

DRI

A

dietary reference intake

amnt of nutr. and energy needed to stay healthy

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2
Q

DRI for macro/micro nutr.

Dietary Reference Intake

A 
EAR (population)
RDA (indivi.)
  best* 97% needs met
   can be followed after EAR determined
AI (")
  used if not enough data
UL (nutr. toxicities)
   accesses supplem.
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3
Q

DRI for energy intake

A

EER (#of calories)
based off midpoint
AMDR (proport. carbs, fat and protein)

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4
Q

empty calories

A

move from rural to urban
access to fast food (less expensive + easier)
higher rates of overconsumption
dec. physical act.

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5
Q

energy

A

capacity to do physical work

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6
Q

calorie

A

measurement of how much energy is in food

w/ bomb calorimeter

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7
Q

kcal = C

A

1000 cal = 1 kcal = 1C

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8
Q

alcohol

A

7kcal

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9
Q

malnutrition

A

under or overnutrition
primary- bad diet
secondary- outside factor (ex. illness)

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10
Q

undernutrition

A

inadequate intake of a nutrient or energy

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11
Q

overnutrition

A

excessive intake of nutrients

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12
Q

nutritional guideline assessment

ABCD

A

anthropometric measurements
(height and weight)
medic. history or exam
lab measurements

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13
Q

A- anthropometric measurements

A

physical aspects of body
body comp.
BMI compared to standards

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14
Q

B- biochemical measurements

A

lab values

blood and urine

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15
Q

C- clinical assessment

A 
medical history
surgeries or medication
signs v. symptoms
      lack of energy
      blurry vision
      loss of appetite
physical examination
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16
Q

D- dietary assessment

A 
ask how patient is eating
24 hr question (not as reliable)
food frequency
diet record (most reliable)
     see nutrients and portions
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17
Q

AMDR- Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

A

Carbs- 45-65%
Protein- 10-35%
Lipids (fat)- 20-35%
*varies on needs + goals

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18
Q

Fruitarian diet

A

high in carbs

low in fat + protein

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19
Q

Keto diet

A

high in fat

low in protein and carbs

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20
Q

Mediterranean diet

A

4-50% carbs
15-20% protein
35% fat

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21
Q

Dietary guidelines for Americans

A

diet/ lifestyle recomm.

promote health and reduce chronic disease

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22
Q

DG for A

A

limit cal. from added sugars
make healthier choices
focus on variety, amount and nutrient density
follow healthy eating pattern

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23
Q

my plate -grains

A

whole grains

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24
Q

my plate -veggies

A

color variance

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25
my plate -dairy
calcium rich
26
my plate -protein
animal and plant resources
27
atoms linked by chem. bonds
form molecule
28
dig. system
``` mvmnt nutr. into body FUN- digestion/ absorption cephalic phase (5 senses) gastric phase intestinal phase ```
29
endocrine system
secrete horm. regulate food intake | + func. dig. organs
30
nervous system
send signals move food thru dig. tract
31
cardiovascular system
transport absorbed nutr.
32
absorption w/out breaking down
minerals, vitamins and water
33
absorption w/ breaking down
``` protein aa lipids fatty acids carbs sugars ```
34
fiber whole grains, fruits and veggies
not be absorbed
35
GI tract
``` mouth pharynx esophagus stomach sm in lrg in ```
36
transit time
time takes food pass from mouth to anus 24-72 hrs affected by- diet, physical act., emotions, medication and illness
37
GI tract layers
``` innermost- mucosa high nutr. requirements short life span CT house nerves + blood vess. smooth muscle contracts to move food outermost- CT ```
38
nerve signal fun.
regl act. in GI tract cause musc. contractions stimulate/ inhib. digest. secretions (enzymes)
39
GI hormones
produced by cells lining tract
40
saliva fun.
``` moistens food starts enzym. dig. of starch protects teeth from decay washes away (lysozyme) lubricates upper GI tract ```
41
salivary amylase
breaks down carbs (starch0
42
mouth/ teeth
mech. chem. rxns break down food and release fiber
43
peristalsis
in esophagus | rhythmic contractions of sm to move food
44
chyme
semiliquid food mass in stomach
45
gastric juice
secr. by stomach cells | includ. enzyme pepsinogen
46
pepsin
breaks aa into proteins "polypeptid." act. by HCL when reaches stomach
47
pepsinogen
inactive form of pepsin
48
nerves to stomach
brain, stomach + sm in
49
gastrin
hormone | stim. release of gastric juice
50
rate of food leaving stomach
fat based- slow protein based- fast carb based- fastest *exercise delays emptying
51
sm intestine
villi w/ microvil. on ends | lacteal lymph vessels
52
segmentation
local constrictions of sm in | enhances absorp
53
pancreatic amylase
breaks down starch to sugar
54
pancreatic proteasees
trypsin | break aa chains into proteins
55
lipases
break triglycer. into fatty acids
56
sugar and amino acids
enter blood stream through liver
57
bile
produced by gallbladder | fat diges. and absorp.
58
release of bile and pancreatic juice controlled by
secretin | CCK cholecystokinin
59
simple diffusion
pass freely across cell mem. fatty acids water (osmosis)
60
facilitated diffusion
cannot pass freely sugar high conc. to lower conc.
61
active transport
inc. carrier mol. and energy | low conc. to higher conc.
62
food mvmnt in lrg intestine
smaller favors microorg. growth "intestinal microbiota"
63
feces comp
``` undig. unabsorbed matter dead cells secretions from GI water bacteria ```
64
microbiota fun.
produce nutrients from unabsorbed food
65
affecting microbiota factors
stress alcohol consumption exercise dietary choices
66
prebiotics
consume fiber
67
probiotics
live bacteria inhibit growth bad bac. temporary
68
distribution of food allergies
5% adults | 8% children
69
most common food allergies
``` seafood peanuts fish wheat, milk, eggs, soy gluten free ```
70
celiac disease
immune response gluten destroys villi of sm in inherited affects 1%
71
H pylori
cause peptic ulcers bacterial open sores in lining of Dig. Tract
72
pancreas
digest carbs, fat and protein
73
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
nutrients into bloodstream
74
pregnancy heart burn
progesterone relaxes smooth muscle | causes sphincter to losen
75
absorption of intact protein
greater as infant | provide tempor. disease immunity
76
hepatic portal vein
blood to liver
77
liver
regul. blood glucose levels synthe. and breakdown aa, proteins and fats modifies products protein breakdown safely transp. to kidneys
78
lymph system
transport part to blood, Excluding the liver
79
catabolism
lrg mol to sm mol produce ATP lysis
80
anabolism
build mol. use ATP genesis
81
cellular respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2
82
CoA from glucose
glycolysis
83
CoA from fatty acids
bet-oxidation
84
deamination
remove amino group from carbon chain
85
citric acid cycle
breaks down CoA
86
electron transport chain
release electrons make ADP O2 last electron acceptor
87
kidneys
use glomerulus as filter for mol reabsorption
88
diff btw old label and food label
``` calories and serving size bolded cal. from fat taken off k+ and vitamin D added total sugars (changed) added sugars ```
89
food label- daily value
nutr. from one food compared to total amount consumed in one day <5% low >20% high
90
natural ingredients
no real definition | up to manufacturer desgression
91
health claims
FDA approved tells specific health benefit is connection btw nutr. and disease Ex. Vitamin D as part of a healthful diet, along with physical act. may reduce risk of osteoporosis"
92
structure function claim
not FDA approved can be put on label if not related to disease Ex. "supports a healthy immune system"
93
COOL country of origin labeling
fruits and vegetables
94
whole grain FDA definition
only has be 51% wg to be considered first on ingredient list ratio of 10:1 carbs to fiber
95
enriched grains
has have nutrients added back | *no fiber
96
fortification
added nutri. not originally in food | ex. orange juice w/ Ca
97
organic levels
100% organic "95%" made with organ. "70%"
98
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing factors- cancer, stroke, GERD solution- pureed

Nutrition (12 decks)

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