Quiz 4 (6+9) Flashcards by Chloe Derks

general vitam. fun

cell grwth, maturation, reproduction, gene regul.

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supp. based sources can cause

vitamin toxicity

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vitam. D

changed RDA
     600 IU/ day or 15microg
*get from sun
ex. salmon, fish, egg, margarine, cheese, milk
        none reach 600 mark

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vitamin D -conditionally ess. nutr

certain circum. not ess.
bc of exposure sunlight
if no sunlight- need from food

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influ. vitam. d synth.

location (farther frm equator, harder aquire)
darker skin
weather, day length
windows
clothing, sunscreen
age-related changes

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protein composition

has N
cannot use for energy until get rid N
     "deamination"
          produce amonia 
                 liver converts to urea

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9 essen, amino acids

conditionally ess.

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complete protein

have all 9 ess . aa
animal products
fish, meat, chicken, dairy

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incomplete protein

plant based protein
not have all 9
if combine wide variety can compile be complete

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nitrogen balance

determines protein status overall
by measurement of urea
N in = N out

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protein recc.

.8 grams/ kilog
10-35% energy fm protein
2g/kil TOO HIGH
1.6 for sports best!!

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high protein diet concerns

extra stress on kidney process urea
need lots hydration
can pull Ca from bones

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kwashiorkor

swollen belly
is consuming adequ. cal (fm carbs) ENERGY

can be from weaning too early

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marasmus

wasting of muscles
starvation
inadeq protein and nutrition

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american diet consumption of protein

overconsume

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developing countries protein

plant based

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animal protein

high iron, zinc, Ca

high sat. fat

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plant protein

rich fiber

mono+polyunsat fat

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amino acid composition

carbon w/ hydrogen
nitrogen grp
acid grp
unique side chain

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protein composition

aa chains
folded
shape determines function

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start prot. diges.

stomach
acid denatures
pepsin breaks dwn polypep.

sm intestine
poly to tripep, dipep and a a
absorbed into mucosal cell

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aa absorption

in mucosal cell
*if share same transp. systm
compete for absorp

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undigested protein

cause food allergy

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aa pool

aa for nonprotein syn
ATP production (energy)
syn. glucose and fatty a

From
dietary protein
degrad. body proteins

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continuous protein breakdown

called protein turnover fun- growth, maintenance and reg.

transcription

mRNA

translation

tRNA translates mRNA into aa

aa make

nonprotein mol | DNA, RNA neurotrans

aa for energy

deamin. aa into urea c compounds for energy or gluco./ fatty acids

protein structure

cellular level- cell mem.

protein facilitate

regu. body func. reg. proteins enzymes, horm (insulin). transp. pro. antib, contractile protein (move), proteins for fluid and acid balance provide structure

(PEM) protein energy mal.

high protein inc urea production inc. water loss + wrk by kidneys inc urinary ca loss

kidney stone risk

high animal protein | low fluid

inc protein need

exercise, lactation, old age, injury, illness

animal protein pattern

matches body closer | higher quality than plant protein

low fat protein

milk and dairy = high quality protein

veg diet associated w/

lwer risk obesity, diabe, cardiovas dis., high bp, cancer

veg diet supplements

need fortified foods in addition to diet

fat soluble vitamins

absorb into lymphatic | vitamin a,d,e,k

vitamin fun

cell grwth, maturation, reproduc, gene regu.

forms vit. D in food

ergocalciferol (D2)- plant | cholecalciferol (D3)- animal/ make in body

ricketts

D deficiency prominent in N and S fix- fortification of milk w/ vit D

osteomalacia

adults | softening of bones

water sol. vitam

easily excreted

fat-sol. vitam

stored easily

highest poss dose that will not cause toxicity | 2000 or 50 microg

thiamin sources

lean pork, legumes, whole/enriched grains

thiamin required for AcH/ acetylcho

used for produc. of ATP from glucose

thiamin defic

nervous systm abnormal | linked to alcholism

riboflavin sources

milk, meat, whole/enrich. grains

Ribofl coenzymes

needed generation of ATP from carbs, fat and protein

riboflav deficien

not seen alone | no toxicity

niacin sources

beef, chicken, turkey, fish, whole/enriched grains

niacin coenzymes

brkdwn carbs, fat, protein makes energy synth. fatty a + sterols

niacin defici

results in pellagra | diarrh, dementia, dermatitis

nicotinic acid suppl

lower blood chol | cause toxicity symptoms

Biotin sources

egg yolk and liver

biotin fun

syn. of gluc and fatty a + certain aa no RDA

Panthenic acid defic

rare | AI established

pantothenic acid fun

apart of CoA ATP frm carbs, fat and protein syn. chol and fatty a

Vitamin B6 sources

chicken, fish, liver, whole grains

vitam. B6 fun

metabl. carbs, fat and protein coenzym for transamin, deamin, decarbox rxns (aa metabolism)

vitamin, b6 deficiency

causes neuro symp, anemia, poor immune fun., inc cardiovas dis risk

Folic acid sources

liver, legumes, oranges, leafy green veg, fortified grains

folate fun

syn DNA | cells need to divide

folate deficien

results anemia | cancer and cardiovas risk

folate reccommen

400 ug

vitamin b12 sources

animal products

vitm B12 requirements

need enough stomach acid, and pancreatic secretions to digest

vitam B12 fun

metab. of folate and fatty a maintain myelin on nerves present anemia, nerve damage *vegans at risk

Vitamin c sources

citrus fruits | water sol. antioxi protect against free rad

vitam C fun

sysn + matein. of collagen | syn. hormones / neurotrans

antioxidant

protect against free rad | steal ele. from DNA, carbs, protein, unsat fatty a

vitam C deficie

scurvy | poor wound healing, bleeding

choline

essen nutrient | can be produced by body but not enough to meet needs

choline sources

egg yolks, meats

protein binding

iron binds hemoglobin

protein denaturation

unfolding shape body fever high cooking temps

albumin

osmotic pressure reg | manages fluid balance

high qual protein

all aa | well absorbed

low qual protein

limited amnt 1+ ess. aa poorly absorbed plant based

protein complentation

combining varies plant based foods

Quiz 4 (6+9) Flashcards

(82 cards)